accents
made with both lips
Bilabial
bilabial
p b m w
made with top teeth and lower lip
labiodental
labiodental sounds
f v
made with tongue on or between teeth
Dental
dental sounds
TH/TH
made with tip/blade of tongue and the gum ridge
alveolar
alveola sounds
t d s z n l r
same as alveolar, with the tongue a bit further back
postalveolar
postalveolar sounds
SH/ZH
made with tip/blade of tongue on hard palate
retroflex
made with the dorsum (main bit) of the tongue and hrd palate
palatal
palatal sounds
yuh
made with dorsum of tongue and soft palate
velar
velar sounds
k g NG
made with dorsum of tongue and uvula (ball at back of throat)
Uvular
made with root of tongue and pharynx (back of throat)
pharyngeal
made with the true vocal folds
glottal
glottal sounds
h (uh oh)
the vocal track is obstructed at the place, then explodes through
stop plosive
stop plosive sounds
p b t d k g
the oral tract is closed off at the place and the sound is made through the nose instead
nasal
nasaul sounds
m n ng
the place is vibrated constantly
trill
the place is contacted breifly, without a buildup of air pressure
tap/flap
a narrowing of the place creates friction when air flows through
frictative
fricative sounds
f v TH/TH s z SH ZH h
friction is created when air flows past the sides of the tongue
lateral fricative
the place is brought closer together but does not fully touch
approximant
approximant sounds
w r yuh
an approximant made with the sides of the tongue
lateral approximant
lateral approximant sounds
L