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Environmental science - groundwater and aquifers

What is the primary source of groundwater?

Rainfall and snowmelt

Which of the following is an example of a confined aquifer?

Porous rock layer with water above it

What is the process of water movement from the ground surface to the aquifer called?

Infiltration

Which of the following is a potential consequence of over-pumping groundwater?

Land subsidence

How does groundwater pollution primarily occur?

Through industrial discharges

What is the term for the uppermost level at which the groundwater fully saturates rock or soil?

Water table

Which of the following is a human activity that can lead to groundwater contamination?

Pesticide use

What is the phenomenon in which saltwater intrudes into freshwater aquifers near coastal areas?

Saltwater intrusion

Which of the following is a common method used for groundwater remediation?

Bioremediation

What is the term for the process of extracting groundwater from an aquifer using a well?

Groundwater withdrawal

What is porosity ?

The measure of a rocks ability to hold water

what is Permeability

How readily fluid can flow freely through a material

What is an aquifer

Porous layer of rock that is able to store/hold great amounts of water

What is a capillary fringe?

Transition between unsaturated and saturated zone; top of aquifer

What is the zone of aeration?

unsaturated layer- mostly air but some water

What is the zone of saturation?

Pores completely saturated with water ; main aquifer storage

What is the soil moisture zone?

Usually top soil; a lot of organic matter and moisture

What is a dam?

an obstruction placed in a river or stream to blocks its flow

What is freshwater and groundwater?

Freshwater is relatively pure water with few dissolved salts. Groundwater is freshwater below the Earth's surface

What is an aquifer's recharge zone?

an area where surface water soaks into the ground and reaches an aquifer

What is a reservoir ?

an artificial lake where water for human use is stored

What is runoff?

water that flows over land and collects in a stream or river

What is a water table?

the boundary between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation in an aquifer

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