Periodicity
define periodicty
the repeating pattern of trends arcoss different periods
define first ionsation energy
the energy required to remove one mole of electron from one mole of gaseous atoms
descibe across the period
• Atomic radius (size of atom)
• Outermost electrons in the
decreases . same shell.
• Number of protons (nuclear charge) increases
• Nuclear attraction on outermost electrons increases (electrons are
pulled closer to the nucleus).
describe down a group
• Atomic radius (size of atom) increases .
• More shells .
• Greater distance of outermost electron to nucleus.
• More shielding on outermost electron from inner
electrons.
• Nuclear attraction on outermost electrons _decreases_
(electrons are not pulled as close to nucleus).
• Although number of protons (nuclear charge) increases
this is ‘far outweighed’ by more distance and shielding.
define successive Ionisation Energy
The energy required to remove each electron in turn.
What are the different types of structure?
Giant and Simple
What are the different types of bonding?
Ionic, Covalent & Metallic