Goswami
A parabolic vertical curve is being designed to connect two
grades with G1 = +5% and G2 = −3%. If PVC is at station 117 +
50.00, the elevation (ft) of the PVT is most nearly:
307.21
A pavement-based dual loop detector is used to monitor
speeds of a stream of vehicles in one travel lane. The following
speeds (mph) were recorded:
45, 51, 58, 47, 50, 53, 51, 42, 61, 51
The traffic flow rate during this period is estimated to be 1,450
vphpl. The mean headway (sec) is most nearly:
2.5
The activity on arrow representation of the project is also shown
below.The critical path for the project is
ADGJ
The centerline of the local horizontal alignment of a two-lane
highway is a circular curve with radius = 915 ft. The length of curve
is 600 ft. Trees are located adjacent to the highway, as shown.
Assume standard lane width = 12 ft. The safe design speed (mph)
based on adequate sight distance is most nearly
45
A hoisting mechanism uses a cable system
as shown below. If the load W = 3 tons, the effort required (lb) at
point B is most nearly:
1715
An excavation trench is 5 ft deep, 6 ft wide, and 95 ft long.
According to OSHA standards, how many ladders are required to
provide egress from the trench?
2
An excavator has a bucket capacity of 2.8 yd3
.
Its operation cycle consists of the following phases: (a) excavation
time = 45 sec, (b) travel time (two-way) = 4 min, and (c)
dumping/transfer time = 30 sec. Assume an overall efficiency
factor for the excavator = 85%. The quantity of excavated material
= 50,000 ft3
(bank measure).
The material has the following properties:
Swell = 20%
Unit weight = 120 lb/ft3
Water content = 30%
The number of days required to complete the job, assuming 8-hr
workdays, is most nearly
11
A parabolic vertical curve joins a grade of −4% to a grade of
+6%. The PVI is at station 10 + 56.30. Elevation of the PVI is 432.65
ft. The curve passes under a bridge structure at station 12 + 00.00.
The elevation of the bottom of the bridge girders is 470.00 ft. The
minimum vertical clearance under the bridge is 14 ft 6 in. The
required length of the curve (ft) is most nearly
1665
A local municipality must make a
determination about the feasibility of repairing a bridge. The
estimated useful life of the bridge is 25 years. The MARR is 8%. The
relevant cost estimates are shown below. All costs are shown in
thousands of dollars.
The benefit-cost ratio of making repairs is most nearly:
1.11
A room is 35 ft × 25 ft in plan. Ceiling height is 14 ft. Openings
for doors and windows total 85 ft2
. The following data is given for
plastering and painting operations.
Plaster and paint crew:
1 supervisor $30/hr
1 laborer $12/hr
2 painter $18/hr
Plastering productivity = 50 ft2
/L.H.
Painting productivity = 150 ft2
/L.H.
The estimated labor cost for plastering and painting the room
(walls and ceiling) is most nearly
1280
A landfill accepts municipal solid waste from town A
population 20,000). The landfill has been in operation for 6 years
and has remaining capacity of 1,000,000 yd3
. A new subdivision
(population 5,000) is developed and populated. The waste
generation rate is 5 lb/capita-day. The average compacted density
in the landfill is 40 lb/ft3
. The reduction in the service life (years) of
the landfill due to the addition of the new subdivision is most
nearly
6
A parabolic vertical curve is to connect a tangent of +5% to a
gradient of −4%. If the PVI is at station 123 + 32.50 and the tangent
offset at the PVT is 17.65 ft, the station of the PVC is most nearly
121+36.39
Spot speed measurements are taken for vehicles passing a
given point on an urban road. Results are grouped (5-mph
intervals) as shown in the table below.
46
If the driver perception time of 2.5 sec is assumed, the
braking distance (ft) for a car on a 2% upgrade traveling at 40 mph
is most nearly
145
A car accelerates uniformly from rest to its peak speed of 70
mph. The acceleration rate is 8 mph/sec. After cruising at
maximum speed, the vehicle must brake to a complete stop,
decelerating uniformly at 10 mph/sec. If the total distance
traveled is exactly 0.5 miles, the average running speed (mph) is
most nearly
54
A horizontal curve is to be constructed for a paved rural road
in a location where the recommended superelevation is 8%. For
snow and ice conditions, the recommended value for the side
friction coefficient is 0.12. The pavement is 20 ft wide with 4-ft
shoulders. The tangents of the proposed curve are perpendicular.
The design speed for the roadway is 60 mph. The minimum length
of the curve (ft) is most nearly
1900
The coordinates (ft) of the PC and PI for a circular horizontal
curve are given below:
PC: 1232.56 N, 123.32 E
PI: 509.72 N, 172.11 W
The degree of curve = 4°
The curve deflects to the left.
The coordinates of the PT (ft) are:
130.18 S, 275.45 E
A vertical curve is being designed to connect two grades with
G1 = +2.1% and G2 = −1.5%. If the design speed is 65 mph, the
minimum length of vertical curve (ft) to satisfy AASHTO safe
stopping distance criteria is most nearly
700
A stadium hosts an event with an audience of 40,000.
Approximately 30% of the audience members are expected to use
an adjacent light rail station following the event. It is anticipated
that about 90% of the stadium empties in the first hour after the
conclusion of the event. A dedicated pedestrian walkway
connects the stadium to the light rail station. The effective width
of the walkway is 32 ft. Assume that the PHF (based on peak 15-
min flow) for the walkway is 0.88. The peak flow rate (ped/min/ft)
on the walkway during the first hour is most nearly:
6.4
An excavator having a capacity of 3 yd3 operates 8 hr in a
workday. A single cycle of operation consists of excavation, travel
(two-way), and transfer of excavated material. Cycle time for the
excavator is 8 min. Efficiency factors are:
Site 0.90
Equipment & Operator 0.72
The daily excavation production (yd3
/day) is most nearly:
115
An activity on arrow network for a project is shown below.
Numbers adjacent to arrows are activity durations (weeks).
Assume project start date is week 0. The early start date (week) for
activity G is:
11
A concrete mix has proportions 1:1.6:2.6 (cement: sand:
coarse aggregate) by weight. The following specifications are
given:
Cement
specific gravity = 3.15
94 lb/sack
Sand
specific gravity = 2.62 (SSD)
Coarse aggregate
specific gravity = 2.65 (SSD)
Added water
5.8 gal/sack cement
Air
3% (by volume)
The quantity of cement (lb/yd3
) is most nearly
670
A contractor needs to bring in 4,200 yd3 of select soil to
replace unsuitable subgrade material for a new highway. The
borrow site is located 2.6 miles away with an average round trip
travel/loading/dumping time of 30 min. The soil has a unit weight
of 125 lb/ft3 and the dump truck drivers are on 10-hr workdays.
The minimum number of 10-ton (net capacity) trucks needed to
complete the job within 8 working days is:
5
A grade beam 3 ft wide × 2 ft deep must be poured around the
perimeter of a building whose plan is shown below. The trench
excavated for the grade beam has to have 1V:1H side slopes.
Excavation is accomplished by a trackhoe, having productivity of
9 yd3
/hr. Assume an 8-hr workday.
The number of days to complete the excavation activity is most
nearly:
7
A 12-ft-high × 60-ft-long × 12-in.-thick free standing wall is to
be constructed using wall forms that are 12-ft high × 20-ft long.
Labor cost for erecting forms = $4.30/ft2
(new) and $1.30/ft2
reuse)
Labor cost for dismantling forms = $1.05/ft2
Cost of concrete (assume 10% waste) = $120/yd3
Cost of reinforcement = $25/yd3
The cost of building the wall ($) is most nearly:
9000
An embankment is to be constructed by placing fill in a 300-
ft-long section of a site. Areas of fill sections 50 ft apart are shown
in the following table. The total volume of earthwork (yd3
) between
stations 12+0.00 and 15+0.00 is most nearly:
8060
The tasks within a project, and their duration and cost data
are shown below. Both normal completion time and crashed
completion time (by allocating additional resources) are shown in
the table.
The activity on arrow representation of the project is also shown
below.
For every week of early completion, the bonus is $1,000, and for
every week that the project is late, the penalty is $800. If the
revised target completion time is 9 weeks, the net cost for
completing the project is most nearly:
26000
A horizontal compound curve connects
two tangents as shown below. The bearing of the back tangent is
N46°25′32″ E, and the bearing of the forward tangent is S17°56′21″
E. The curve radii to be used are R1 = 1,800 ft and R2 = 900 ft. The
PC is located at station 138 + 34.12 and the PI at station 158 +
12.98.
The station of the PCC is most nearly:
148+50.61
A parabolic crest curve is followed by a sag curve. The two
curves are connected by a tangent section, as shown. A bridge
structure is located at station 45 + 55.00. The elevation of the low
point on the bridge is 405.54 ft. The design speed (mph) of a truck
(assume driver’s eye elevation = 7.6 ft), based on adequate sight
distance under the bridge overpass on curve number 2, is most
nearly:
85
A circular horizontal curve connects two tangents with a
deflection angle of 42°50′. The roadway is a two-lane highway with
12-ft lanes. The centerline of the roadway has a radius of 1,245 ft.
The design speed = 50 mph. PC for the centerline circular curve is
at sta. 23 + 32.56. It is proposed to insert a pair of symmetric
spirals at the PC and the PT. The minimum length of spiral (ft) is
most nearly:
A. 120
B
160
A 6-lane freeway through rolling terrain (rural) has12-ft lanes,
interchanges every 1.25 mi and has 8-ft-wide shoulders. Traffic
studies have resulted in the following data:
AADT = 65,000 veh/day.
The traffic stream includes 8% trucks, 3% buses and 5% RVs.
K = 0.12
Peak hour factor, based on 15-min traffic counts, is 0.9.
During peak flow, directional split = 60/40.
The LOS for the peak direction of the freeway is most nearly
D
A study area is divided into three socioeconomic zones, whose trip production and trip attractions are
tabulated below:
Resistance to travel between zones is represented by the
following matrix of friction factors, which are approximately
inversely proportional to time of travel between zones.The number of trips produced by zone 3 and attracted to zone 2,
according to the first iteration of the gravity model, is most nearly:
110
A 4-lane divided highway (2 lanes in each
direction) currently has ADT of 23,000 vehicles (each way).
Approximately 12% of the traffic consists of trucks. Traffic is
expected to grow by a 4% annual rate over the next 20 years. Table
1 shows data collected from a weigh station during a typical day
for 1,078 trucks.
Using the Asphalt Institute Load Equivalence Factors (LEF) shown
in Table 2, the design 20-year 18-k ESAL (W18) is most nearly
23x10⁶
A 6-lane highway has the following characteristics:
Level terrain
Lane width = 11-ft lanes
Average spacing between accessing driveways = 600 ft
Right shoulder width = 6 ft
Clear distance to nearest obstruction in median = 4 ft
Directional hourly volume = 3,440 veh/hr
The traffic stream includes 8% trucks, 3% buses, and 2% RVs.
Peak hour factor, based on 15-min traffic counts, is 0.88.
Drivers are mostly commuters.
The LOS for the peak direction of the highway is most nearly:
C
A transition curve is to be used to implement a change in
cross-section from a normally crowned section to a fully
superelevated section. The outer lane is to be rotated from the
normally crowned section to a straight level section at the
tangent-to-spiral (T.S.) station. The roadway section is rotated
about the centerline. The following information is given:
Degree of curve (D) = 2.5°
Two 11-ft lanes
Design superelevation = 0.08 ft/ft
Grade = +1.50%
Crown = 0.015 ft/ft
P.I. station = 100 + 0.00
Deflection angle between tangents = 56°35′48″
Length of spiral = 230 ft
The station (ft) of the T.S. is most nearly
86+50
What is the recommended length of cycle for a 4-phase
signal with 3-sec lost time per phase, with the following critical
movements?
125 sec
A circular horizontal curve has PC at 12 + 43.56. Degree of
curve = 4°. Deflection angle between tangents is 56°24′45″ (right).
In order to provide adequate horizontal sightline offset at the
design speed, it is proposed to shift the forward tangent by a
parallel offset of 20 ft, while maintaining the PC, as shown in the
figure. The new degree of curve is most nearly:
3.9
A 2-lane rural freeway segment has 12-ft lanes and an 8-ft
shoulder. A cut slope of 1V:4H exists adjacent to the shoulder as
shown. The ADT is 16,000 and the design speed is 65 mph. The
minimum width (ft) measured from the edge of the shoulder,
which should be free of any obstructions, is most nearly:
38
A 2-lane Class I highway in rolling terrain has the following
characteristics:
Lane width = 12 ft, shoulder width = 6 ft
40% no passing zones
2-directional flow rate = 2,800 pc/hr
Directional split = 70/30
10% trucks and buses, 6% RVs
PHF = 0.85
For the design direction of the highway, the average travel speed
has been calculated as 42 mph and
the percent-time spent following has been calculated as 63%.
The level of service for the design direction is:
D
A horizontal circular curve is to connect a back-tangent
bearing S42°30′W to a forward tangent bearing N70°W. If the
degree of curve is 3°45′ and the tangents intersect at station 50 +
22.30, the deflection angle for station 57 + 00.00 is most nearly:
31°50'56''
A parabolic vertical curve joins a grade of −5% to a grade of
+3%. The PVC is at station 53 + 12.50 and the PVI is at station 60 +
09.00. Elevation of the PVI is 365.57 ft. The curve passes under a
bridge structure at station 55 + 05.20. The bottom elevation of the
bridge is 405.20 ft. The vertical clearance under the bridge (ft) is
most nearly:
13.4
A 2-lane highway has a circular horizontal alignment with
centerline radius of 750 ft. Lanes are 12 ft wide. An obstructing
structure exists 10 ft from the inside edge of the roadway as shown
below. The safe design speed (mph), based on adequate
horizontal sightline offset, on the curve is most nearly:
40
A horizontal curve has a radius of 1,150 ft as shown below. A
point P on the major chord is located such that AP = 215 ft. The
length of the chord offset PQ at point P (ft) is most nearly:
48
A vertical curve is being designed to connect two grades with
G1 = +2.1% and G2 = −1.5%. If the design speed is 65 mph, the
minimum length of vertical curve (ft) to satisfy AASHTO safe
stopping distance criteria is most nearly:
700
A parking lot is open during the hours of 8 A.M. to 6 P.M.
During this time, exactly 360 cars were parked on the lot; 10% for
1 hr, 15% for 2 hr, 20% for 3 hr, 30% for 4 hr, and the remaining for
the entire day. On average, 15% of the spaces are vacant and the
operational efficiency factor is 80%. The space-hr demand and
number of parking spaces in the lot are most nearly:
1,990 space-hr and 250 spaces
A 6-lane freeway through mountainous terrain has ADT of
52,500 veh/day. The traffic stream includes 8% trucks, 3% buses,
and 5% RVs. The FFS is estimated as 70 mph and the PHF = 0.9.
Directional split is 60/40 and K = 0.12.
The LOS for the peak direction of the road is most nearly:
E
A new highway with a design speed of 50 mph is to be
connected to an existing highway by a pair of reverse 2° curves.
The new highway is parallel to the existing highway, offset 80 ft to
the right.
The length of the reverse curve transition (ft), from PC to PT, is
most nearly:
960
A traffic stream has mean headways of 2.4 sec. If the jam
density is 64 veh/mi, the optimum speed is 50 mph, and the flow
is 1,500 veh/hr, then the capacity of the highway (veh/hr) is most
nearly:
1600
A 4-leg intersection in an urban location had 15 recorded
accidents (all types) during 2005. During this year, the average
daily volumes entering the intersection from the four approaches
were 1,900, 1,270, 1,620, and 930 vehicles. The intersection’s
accident rate (per hundred million entering vehicles) is most
nearly:
720
A temporary road closure (not exceeding 20
min during the daytime) is established around a 1,250-ftlong work
zone (including a buffer space) on a freeway. The distance of the
ROAD WORK AHEAD sign (ft) from the centerline of the work zone
is most nearly
5800
Ground-mounted signs are installed at the side of the road in
a commercial district where pedestrian movement or parking is
likely to occur. According to the MUTCD, the vertical distance (ft)
between the bottom of the sign and the top of the near edge of the
traveled path is most nearly:
7
In order to meet current demand, a 1-mi segment of an
urban highway must be widened by two lanes. The cost of the
improvement will be compared to a phased program of
expansion. Immediate development would cost $4,200,000 with
annual maintenance costs of $40,000. A phased program would
involve an initial investment of $2,000,000 and an estimated
expenditure of $3,200,000 in 10 years. Annual maintenance cost
under the phased program is estimated to be $28,000 for the first
10 years and $36,000 following that. Assume a perpetual period of
service for each system and MARR of 7%. The ratio of the cost for
a phased program relative to the single investment program is
most nearly:
0.85
An excavator has a bucket capacity of 2.8
yd3
. Its operation cycle consists of the following phases: (a)
excavation time = 45 sec, (b) travel time (two-way) = 4 min, and (c)
dumping/transfer time = 30 sec. Assume an overall efficiency
factor for the excavator = 85%. The quantity of material to be
excavated (bank measure) = 50,000 ft3
. The material has the
following properties:
Swell = 20%
In situ unit weight = 120 lb/ft3
Water content = 30%
Assuming 8-hr workdays, the number of days required to
complete the job is most nearly:
11
An excavator has a bucket capacity of 3.0 yd3
. Its operation
cycle consists of the following phases: (a) excavation time = 45
sec, (b) travel time (two-way) = 4 min, and (c) transfer time (to
trucks) = 45 sec. The excavator transfers the excavated material
to a fleet of trucks that carry the material offsite.
The following data is given:
Overall efficiency factor for the excavator = 90%
Truck capacity = 15 yd3
Truck cycle time (transfer + two-way travel + dumping) = 90 min
The quantity of excavated material = 2,600 yd3
(loose)
The number of trucks needed to balance the production of the
excavator, assuming 8-hr workdays, is
most nearly:
3
Dump trucks with a capacity of 16 yd3 are used to dispose of
excavated materials from a site. The distance from the dump-site
is 4 mi and the average speed of the dump trucks is 30 mph. The
bucket capacity of the power shovel is 3 yd3
; power shovel
excavation rate is 10 yd3
/min (bank measure); the transfer time to
the dump trucks (per 3-yd3 load) is 40 sec; and a dump time (per
3-yd3 load) is 30 sec. The excavated material has a swell of 10%.
The factors affecting the job site productivity of the dump truck
are: 0.80 for equipment idle time and 0.70 for operator efficiency.
If a fleet of dump trucks is used to haul the excavated material, the
number of trucks needed is most nearly:
5
A certain project includes the activities summarized in the
table below. The start date of the project is week 0. The project
duration (weeks) is most nearly:
41
Whenever a masonry wall is constructed, a
limited access zone is to be established. Which of the following is
true?
The width of the limited access zone shall be wall height
plus 4 ft.
According to OSHA, lifelines shall be secured above the point
of operation to an anchorage or structural member capable of
supporting a dead weight (lb) of at least:
5000
According to OSHA, the limiting exposure (dB) to impulse or
impact peak noise level is most nearly:
140
The Arrhenius function for concrete maturity is given below:
t20 = ∑e−
E
R
(T1
i−T1
0)Δt
where t20 = time required, when curing at 20°C, to reach an
equivalent maturity
E = activation energy = 41.5 kJ/mol for T ≥ 20°C
R = universal gas constant = 8.3144 J/(mol-K)
T0 = reference temperature = 293 K
If the average concrete temperature during curing is 28°C, the
equivalent age (days) after 3 days of curing is most nearly:
4.7
A job requires specially engineered fill to be hauled from
storage to the job site and then placed and compacted. Given the
following information the installed cost:
Compacted volume required at job site 15,000 yd3
Distance from storage to job site
32 mi
Average truck speed
32 mph
Truck capacity (net)
50,000 lb
Truck load time
25 min
Truck unload time
10 min
Truck operating cost
$80 per hr
Cost of fill at storage facility
$3 per ton
Compacted unit weight of fill
140 lb/ft3
Cost to place & compact fill
$0.50 per yd3
the ($/yd3
) of the fill is most nearly:
22
The safety log for a steel fabrication yard is shown below:
Total number of full-time employees
400
Average number of hours worked during the year 1,970
Total number of deaths
0
Total number of cases with days away from work 13 cases
Total number of days away from work
120 days
Total other recordable cases
18 cases
What is most nearly the annual total recordable case rate, as
defined by OSHA?
8
A contractor has the following options for a project lasting 18
months:
Option A:
Monthly rental of excavation equipment at
$15,000 per month + operating costs
$2,000/month
Option B:
Purchase equipment for $200,000
Maintenance costs = $8,000/month
Resale value of equipment after 18 months =
$120,000
Nominal interest rate = 10% p.a.
The benefit:cost ratio of option B (purchasing) is most nearly:
1.55
An excavation plan is outlined in the following figure. Each
grid square is 50 ft × 50 ft. The numbers are depth of cut (ft) at
indicated locations. The total volume of cut (yd3
) is most nearly:
4500
An existing landfill, in the shape of a truncated pyramid, is
rectangular at the base with plan dimensions 4,000 ft × 2,500 ft.
The free-standing sides slope 3H:1V. The height of the landfill is 12
ft. The top of the landfill must be covered with cover soil to a depth
of 18 in. The amount of cover soil (yd3) required is most nearly:
525000
The following table shows ordinates of a mass haul diagram
for a highway construction project. The free haul distance is 300
ft. Overhaul cost is $3.70/station-yd.
The total cost of overhaul is most nearly:
40000
The total duration of a project was estimated as follows:
522 working days at 6 days per week and 10 hr a day of work.
30 days (10 hr per day) for contingencies such as bad weather,
which would be worked on weekends and holidays.
The labor agreement defines the regular work day as an 8-hr-long
week-day. Labor cost for premium time is 50% for hours during the
week, and 80% for weekend work. What is most nearly the overall
labor premium rate for the project?
1.25
An activity on an arrow network for a project is shown below.
Numbers adjacent to arrows are activity durations (weeks). The
total float (weeks) for activity G is:
1
As part of the PERT analysis of a project, durations are
estimated for activities A through G and summarized in the table
below. The critical path for the project is ACEF.
The probability (%) that the project will be completed in less than
25 weeks is most nearly:
22
A new earth haul project requires moving 323,000 ft3
(bank
measure) of excavated material to a location 12 mi away. A
bidding contractor had completed a similar project (size and
scope) 2½ years ago. The proposed price for the job on record was
$525.00 per dump-truck load. Annual construction inflation factor
is 3.2%. The contractor uses a fleet of dump trucks with 26-yd3capacity (heaped). The excavated material has a swell factor of
25%. The contractor’s bid ($) should be most nearly:
326000
A crate weighing 900 lb is being lifted by four cables attached
to the corners as shown below. The attachment point for the
cables (O) is 8 ft directly above the center of gravity of the load.
Tension in each cable (lb) is most nearly:
270
It is proposed to drive a concrete pile using a pile hammer
with energy of 50,000 ft-lb. The minimum factor of safety against
bearing capacity failure is equal to 6.0. The superstructure load
transmitted to the pile is expected to be 40 tons.
The ENR pile driving equation gives the static (ultimate) bearing
capacity of a pile based on a pile driving test as:
𝐐𝐮𝐥𝐭 =
𝐖𝐇
where 𝐐𝐮𝐥𝐭 = ultimate capacity (lb)
𝐬 + 𝟏. 𝟎
𝐖 = weight of the ram (lb)
𝐇 = height the ram falls (in.)
𝐒 = pile set in in. per blow
50 blows per ft
A contract has 90 days until completion. Early completion
will be paid $18,000 bonus per day that the duration is shortened.
Activities on the critical path are targeted for “crashing.” Critical
activities can be accelerated by allocating additional crew units.
Additional cost and schedule reduction are shown in the table
below. If crews must be added as a complete unit, the net bonus
is maximized by the addition of how many crews?
1 additional crew unit
A concrete mix has the following components:
Cement
160 lb
Wet sand (moisture content = 5%)
290 lb
Wet coarse aggregate (moisture content = 3%)
420 lb
Added water
56 lb
Air
3% (by vol.)
The following specifications are given:
Cement
specific gravity = 3.15
SSD sand (m.c. = 0.7%)
specific gravity = 2.70
SSD coarse aggregate (m.c. = 0.5%)
specific gravity = 2.60
The unit weight of the concrete (lb/ft3
) is most nearly:
144
. A construction project is broken down into seven stages (AG). The sequencing of these stages is represented by a Gantt
chart, as shown. The time axis is marked in units of (5-day) weeks.
The Gantt chart shows current completion levels (shaded in gray)
superimposed on the initially planned timeline. The current status
of the project at 4 weeks 2 days is shown. Which of the following
statements is true?
Stages A and D are behind schedule.
All costs for a construction project are classified as either
direct costs (material, labor, etc.) or indirect costs (leasing and
rental costs, utilities, etc.). The estimated variation of these cost
categories vs. project duration (weeks) is shown. The optimum
project duration (weeks) is most nearly:
16