Polyatomic Atoms and Other Midterm Review
Acetate
CH3COO -
Ammonium
NH4 +
Bicarbonate
HCO3 -
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Chlorate
ClO3 -
Chromate
CrO4 2-
Hydroxide
OH -
Nitrate
NO3 -
Phosphate
PO4 3-
Sulphate
SO4 2-
How does nomenclature work for an ionic compound?
Name of first element + Second element (ide)
How does nomenclature for a covalent compoud work?
(Prefix) First element + (Prefix) Second element (ide)
What 2 atoms are usually in an ionic bond?
Metal to non-metal
What 2 atoms are usually in a covalent bond?
2 non-metals
What is the form of isotope notation?
Mass # on top (p+n)
Atomic # on bottom (p)
What is atomic radius?
A measure of the size of an atom
What is the periodic trend for atomic radius?
Decreases across a period
Increases down a group
What is chemical reactivity?
The ability of an atom to form bonds
What is the periodic trend for chemical reactivity?
Highest on outer groups
Fr= highest metal reactivity
F= highest non-metal reactivity
What is electronegativity?
The tendency of an atom to attract elections
What is the periodic trend for electronegativity?
Increases across a period
Decreases down a group
What is the Coulomb's law formula for r?
r= sqroot(kq1q2/Fe)
What is the Coulomb's law formula for q2?
q2= r^2Fe/kq1
What are Kirchoff's laws for series circuits?
It=I1=I2=I3=...
Vt=V1+V2+V3+...
What are Kirchoff's laws for parallel circuits?
It=I1+I2+I3+...
Vt=V1=V2=V3
1 disadvantage of fossil fuels
Releases CO2
2 disadvantages of hydroelectric dams
Large areas of land flooded to create reservoirs, contaminants in soil released into reservoirs
4 disadvantages of tidal turbines
Complex & expensive to build, suitable building sites are rare, sea life can swim into blades, low level noise can affect fish
2 disadvantages of nuclear power plants
Produces radioactive waste, risk of nuclear accident
3 disadvantages of wind turbines
Takes away beauty of land, takes up space, unpredictable
3 disadvantages of solar power
Availability depends on clouds/daytime, high initial cost, requires space
3 disadvantages of geothermal power plants
Expensive to build bc of technology involved, deep drilling can affect land stability and trigger earthquakes, location-specific