proteins
what is amylase
starts the process of breaking down starch from Foods into forms of the body can use
what is alcohol dehydroxenase
transforms alcohol from beer wine or liquor into a non-toxic form that the body uses for food
hemoglobin
carries oxygen in our blood
firbrin
forms a scab to protect Cuts as they heal
collagen
give structure and support to our skin tendons and even bones
actin
is one of the major proteins in our muscles
growth hormone
helps regulate growth of children into adults
potassium channels
help send signals through the brain and other nerve cells
insulin
regulates the amount of sugar in the blood and is used to treat diabetes
how is protein composed
protein is a macromolecule composed of amino acid monomers joined by peptide bond
and amino acid contains the central carbon atom that is bonded into four groups of atoms what are those four groups
hydrogen atom and amino atom a carboxyl group and an R Group
of the 20 how many amino acids are essential
8 to 10
what does it mean to be an essential amino acid
they cannot be produced by the human body and they must be consumed in the diet
what are the four levels of protein organization
primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure in quantitary structure
primary structure
linear sequence of amino acids
secondary structure
when the peptide bonds and hydrogen bonding is happening polypeptidines can form a coill-like shape called and Alpha helix or folded leg fan shape called a beta plated sheet
teritairy structure
a complex process of protein folding that determines 3D structures most occur naturally as peptide bonds and different R groups interact and they are mostly determined by hydrophobic effects but they may also involve the assistance of a class of proteins called the chaperones
quaternary structure
proteins made up of a combination of polypeptidines and they each have their own primary secondary and tertiary structure
what is denaturation
when a protein unfolds and is no longer able to perform its normal function
how does denaturation happen
under certain conditions such as extreme temperature or chemical exposure