The cell Theory
Single cell organism ( ex. Bacteria, amoeba, and paramecium)
Unicellular organism
Many cell ( ex. plants and animal)
Multicellular organism
largest cell
Ovum
The Cell Theory Complete
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
3. All cells divide & come from old cells.
1665- An English Scientist discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork.
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke described the cells as
tiny boxes or a honeycomb
The word cell comes from the Latin ____, meaning, a small room.
Cellula
1838- German Botanist, He concluded that all plant parts are made of cells.
Matthias Schleiden
1839- German physiologist, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.
Theodor Schwann
1858- German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.
Rudolf Virchow
-control center
-Contains the genetic information (chromosomes)
-Usually spherical; one or more; denser than the surrounding cytoplasm
Nucleus
- is composed of the DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information
Chromosome
-Surrounds nucleus
-Composed of two layers
-Numerous openings for "nuclear traffic"
Nuclear Membrane
-little nucleus
-Visible when cell is not dividing
-Contains RNA for protein manufacture
- neede protein synthesis
Nucleolus
-protoplasm
-the "jelly-like" material that contains the organelles
-it hold the entire cells
Cytoplasm
-cell framework
-scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm; cell framework
-Composed of microtubules (protein)
-Supports cell and provides shape
-Aids movement of materials in and out of cells
Cytoskeleton
-Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane
-Goes through cytoplasm and serves as cell's 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩 𝙨𝙮𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙢
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
ribosomes not attached to ER=fats and lipid synthesis; detoxification
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes attached to ER= protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
-protein synthesis
-free in the cytoplasm or bound in the endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
𝙍𝙞𝙗𝙤𝙨𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙨
-The cell boundary composed of lipid bilayer with protein pores and channels, and carbohydrates
-Surrounds the cytoplasm
-Lipid bilayer has a hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic heads
-Semi-permiable ( 𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙤𝙬 𝙥𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝙩𝙤 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙤𝙪𝙩)
Cell membrane
-suicide sac
-It contains digestive enzyme that destroy worn-out organelles, large particles and invading organisms such as bacteria and viruses
Lysosomes
-the powerhouse
-provides the energy for the cells activity
Mitochondria
-packaging center
-Stacked flattened membranes
-process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell
Golgi Bodies
A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus and complex organelles. (e.g fungi, plants, animals)
Eukaryote
An organism characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes. Sometimes referred to as moneran. (e.g. bacteria)
Prokaryote
Type of tissue
1. muscle tissue
2. nerve tissue
3. epithelial tissue
4. connective tissue
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
Muscle tissue
brain
spinal cord
nerves
nerve tissue
-lining of gastrointestinal track and other hollow organ
- skin surface
epithelial tissue
tendor
bone
fat and other soft padding tissue
connective tissue