everything chemistry paper 1
what are ionic compounds made from
charged ionic particles that make a giant lattice
do ionic substances have a high or low boiling point
high
why do ionic substances have a high boiling point
electrostatic forces of attraction act in all directions which require a lot of energy to overcome
what effects the boiling point of ionic substances
the difference in charge
properties of ionic compounds
giant lattice
name the ions
strong electrostatic forces of attraction
high mp/bp
requires a lot of energy to break
conduct electricity when molten or aqeous
properties of metallic bonding
giant structure of metal atoms
sea of delocalised electrons
strong metallic bonds
high mp/bp requires a lot of energy to overcome
can conduct electricity
properties of simple covalent
low mp/bp
gas/liquid at room temp
weak intermolecular forces
intermolecular forces increase as mr increases
cant conduct electricity
properties of diamond
giant lattice
4 carbon bonds covalently
very high mp/bp
cant conduct electricity
very hard
properties of graphite
giant structure
3 carbon bonds covalently
conduct electricity
very high mp/bp
soft and slippery
no covalent bonds between layers
properties of graphene
conductor of electricity
one layer of graphite
strong covalent bonds
high tensile strength
first fullerene
buckminsterfullerene
uses of fulleres
lubricants
deliver pharmaceuticals
adv disadv of dot and cross diagram
+show which atom the electrons came from
-give no information about shape or relative size
adv disadv of ball and stick
+shows relative size and arrangement
-ions are too widely spread and no detail on electrons being transferred
3d space filling
+shows relative size and tightly packed
-confusing to see and no detail on where electrons came from
test for chlorine
bleaches litmus paper
test for carbon dioxide
turns limewater cloudy
test for oxygen
glowing splint is relited when put into the test tube
test for hydrogen
squeaky pop when lit splint is put into test tube
difference between transition metals and alkali
transition are harder
transition are denser
transition are higher boiling point
transition form coloured compounds
transition form different ions
alkali metals react with oxygen quicker
why was mendeleevs periodic table accepted
because he left space for atoms that were discovered later on
each group fit a certain trend
who was james chadwick and when was his discovery
nuclear model
1932
who was niels bohr and what was his discovery
atomic model
1913
who was ernest rutherford and when was his discovery
alpha scattering
1909
who was jj thompson and when was his discovery
plum pudding
1897
pros and cons of hydrogen fuel cells
+abundant resourves
no harmful pollutants
last longer than batteries
-hard to store
flammable
energy from fossil fuels
expensive to modify
what does a fuel cell do
converts chemical energy to electrical
what is the anode and cathode in a fuel cell
anode is negative cathode is positive
why is there solution in a fuel cell
so ions can move through it
how do fuel cells work
hydrogen enters anode compartment and is then oxidised by the anode
electrons pass through wire to cathode were oxygen enters through cathode compartment
hydrogen ions move through electrolyte
react to make water which leaves through outlet
electrons release energy
reaction at anode in a fuel cell
2H(2) -> 4H+ +. 4e-
reaction at positive electrode in fuel cell
O(2) + 4H+ + 4e- -> 2H(2)O
| Quiz |
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| Level ∞Level ∞: Beyond
"𝘕𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘳 𝘣𝘦𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘦𝘯 𝘲𝘶𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘺 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘰𝘰𝘴𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘦𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘰𝘧 𝘩𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴, 𝘨𝘶𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘦𝘥." |
| Level 3Level 3: Getting Deep
"𝘎𝘦𝘵 𝘥𝘦𝘦𝘱. 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘦 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘲𝘶𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘰𝘬𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘯𝘦𝘳 𝘺𝘰𝘶, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭, 𝘥𝘦𝘦𝘱 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘴."
FINAL QUES... |
| Level 2Level 2: Confessions
"𝘌𝘹𝘱𝘰𝘴𝘦 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘭 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵𝘴, 𝘨𝘦𝘵𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘰𝘧𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘴𝘵, 𝘢𝘯𝘥/𝘰𝘳 𝘭𝘦𝘵𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘨𝘰 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘬𝘦𝘦𝘱 ... |
| Level 1Level 1: Icebreakers
"𝘚𝘶𝘳𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘦-𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭 𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘬 𝘪𝘴 𝘣𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘴𝘰 𝘸𝘦'𝘳𝘦 𝘣𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘯𝘰𝘳𝘮 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘦 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯."
Draw a card, answ... |
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