Unit 1 KA7 - Cellular Repsiration
Glucose + oxygen ->
Carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the role of ATP in cells
Transfer of energy
Phosphorylation of molecules
What stage is glycolysis
Stage 1
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm
Gycolysis is one molecule of... broken down into two molecules of...
Glucose
Pyruvate
What doesnt glycolysis require?
Oxygen
Glycolysis involves a series of...
Enzyme controlled reactions
There are two stagex of glycolysis what are they?
Energy investment phase
Energy pay off phase
What is the energy investment phase?
2 ATP are used to phosphorylate intermediates
What is the energy pay off phase?
4 ATP are produced per molecule of glucose
What is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
ATP
What does the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis lead yo?
The generation of more ATP during the energy pay off phase resulting in a net gain of ATP
What is released during the energy pay off phase?
H ions and electrons
H ions and electrons combine with which coenzyme?
NAD
What does NAD produce?
NADH
H iond and electrons pass to the electron transport system if oxygen present by
Dehydrogenase enzymes
What stage is the citric acid cycle?
Stage 2
Where is the citric acid cycle located?
In the matrix of the mitochondrion
When does the citric acid cycle only occur?
If oxygen is present
Pyruvate is broken down into an...
Acetyl group
Acetyl group combined witj Coenzyme A to form...
Acetyl CoA
The acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with... to form...
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
During a series of enzyme controlled strps, citraye is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate which results in what?
The generation of ATP and release of carbon dioxide.
What do dehyrdrogenase enzymes do?
Removes H ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH
The H ipns and electrons from NADH are passed to the... on the inner mitochondrial membrane
Electron transport chain
Whathas to happen for ATP synthesis to occur?
Electrons have to pass along the electron transport chain and release energy.
What is the electron transport chain?
It is a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
What does the energy allow happen? (electro transport chain)
H ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The flow of these Ions back through the membrane protein...
ATP synthase results in the production of ATP
H ions and electrons combine with oxygen to form what?
Water