stats
specific
numerical or single value, from a
random sample, to approximate of
apopulationparameter.
Point Estimate
Also known as confidence interval is a
range of values where the parameter is
expected to lie instead of using point
estimate.
Interval Estimation
Refers to the probability that the confidence
interval containstruepopulationparameter.
Confidence Level
or confidence coefficients are the z-values
that is used in describing the characteristics
of a target population.
Critical Value
maximum difference between observed
sample mean and the true value of the
populationmean.
Margin of Error
just like the standard normal
curve, is bell-shaped and unimodal. It issymmetric
about t = 0.
t-distribution
testable statement
about the relationship
between two or more
variables or a proposed
explanation for some
observed phenomenon.
Hypothesis
statement about
population that may or not
be supported by the
sample data.
statistical hypothesis
Types of Alternative Hypothesis
One tailed (directional) and Two tailed (non directional)
refers to the region where the value of the test statistic lies for
which we will reject the null hypothesis.
critical region
committed when the researcher fails to reject
a null hypothesis that is false.
Type 2 error
committed when the researcher rejects a null
hypothesis when in fact it is true.
Type 1 error
for testing a claim about a population mean
when the population standard deviation is known and
n ≥ 30 is the z-test
Appropriate Test Statistic
Applicable in comparing more than two
independent samples.
f-test/ANOVA/Analysis of Variance
does not meet the assumptions of normality or
homogeneity of variance.
H-test / Kruskal Wallis Test
involve two variables.
Scatter Plots
always come in pairs
Bivariate Data
strength of the linear relationship
Pearson R Correlation
straight line
best fit line
Equation of the regression line
Regression Equation