21st century lit
Came from the latin word, “literra”, “literatura”, or “literatus” meaning “writing formed with letters” Refers to any written work, especially an artistic or intellectual work of writing.
literature
was organized around autonomous barangays led by Datus. Baybayin is one of the pre colonial writing systems used by early Filipinos. The term “baybayin” comes from the Tagalog root word baybay, which means “to spell.
Pre-Colonial Era (BC 1564)
are practically observations and philosophy of everyday life that are written usually in a rhyming scheme.
salawikain
Filipino idioms, or a forceful and poetic expression that can also be euphemism. "Balat-sibuyas" (Maramdamin)
"Bukas ang palad" (Mapagbigay)
sawikain
A story that is passed down through generations and is widely believed to be true, even though it may not be verifiable.
legends/alamat
Also known as riddle {bugtong/palaisipan} a mystifying, misleading, or puzzling question posed as a problem to be solved or guessed.
bugtong
"Isang balong malalim, punong-puno ng patalim." Sagot: Bunganga
bugtong
Alamat ng Pinya
legends/alamat
"Nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang gawa."
salawikain
That is usually done to give the children to many adults or parents
folk songs
Gives “gintong-aral”
Example: The Monkey and the Turtle - Dr. Jose Rizal
folk tales
A long, narrative poem that tells the story of a hero with extraordinary strength, courage, and abilities. It often features adventures, battles against monsters, and supernatural elements.
epics
Example: Biag ni Lam-Ang
epics
Aims to manipulate and influence public opinion. Revolutionary Literature seeks to inspire and incite social and political change.
propaganda literature
Filipino writers developed their own literary voice, moving away from pure imitation. Themes became more nationalistic, social, and political, reflecting the fight for independence. Example: Zaldivar by Jose Garcia Villa (known for unique literary style).
period of emergence
Japanese Era (1942-1945)
3 years
1960
present
(1942-1945)
japanese era
(1898-1946) 48 Years
american era
(1565-1898)
Propaganda Revolutionary
(1568-1898)
spanish era
Can be defined as works of literature that have been created, distributed, and circulated beyond their country of origin
world literature
Example: The Odyssey, Things Fall Apart, A Doll's House, and The Recognition of Sakuntala to name a few
world literature
widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language. He coined the term ‘World Literature’ in 1827.
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe
To produce “world citizens with a sense of Common humanity.”
goal
To broaden reader’s horizons through the encounter with cultural difference
purpose
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language. He coined the term ‘World Literature’ in 1827.
proponent
After World War I , 19th Century Over 30 nations declared war between 1914 and 1918.
origin
_____ political program included integration of the Philippines as a province of Spain El Filibusterismo (Reign of Greed) Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) Mi Ultimo adios (My Last Farewell) Dimasalang, Laong Laan and May Pag asa
Dr. Jose Rizal
a Filipino writer, lawyer, journalist, and freemason. He is the confidant and advisor of Rizal. Founded the ‘Diariong Tagalog’ under the pen name Plaridel.
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Commonly known as Francisco Balagtas and also as Francisco Baltazar, was a Filipino poet and literature of the Tagalog language during the Spanish rule of the Philippines. Florante at Laura, La India elegante y el negrito amante (ang kaisa-isang dulang may isang yugto)
Francisco Balagtas
a Filipino political scientist, novelist and the first filipino head of
Department of Political. He argued for Filipino independence from the United States.[5]
The Case For The Filipinos.
The Present Government of the Philippines.
The Case For The Filipinos.
A Guide Book on the Philippine Question.
Maximo Maguiat Kalaw
a poet and a novelist. His intervention on
behalf of the Spanish led to the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato Ninay (1907) Justo
Desiderio Magalang
Pedro Paterno
he was honorable, patriotic, dignified
and principled he was at the same time arrogant and hot-tempered who did not hesitate to
resort to violence he goes by pen name of The Fiery General, Taga-Ilog at Heneral Artikulo Uno
Famous for treating malaria.
Antonio Luna
a Filipino writer and labor leader. he wrote Isang Dipang Langit (A Stretch of Heaven), which later won a Republic Cultural Heritage Award, and Bayang Malaya (Free Nation), which later won a Balagtas Award.
Amado Vera Hernandez
permanent representative to the United Nations in New York, known for his
short stories, poems and essays. He also served as the 4th general secretary of ASEAN
between 1980 and 1982. Lupang Tinubuan
Narciso Reyes
a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the brains of the revolution, pen name “Dimasilaw Jacinto's poetical masterpiece, written in Laguna on October 8, 1897, was A la Patría (To My Fatherland), with an inspiring melody paralleled from Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios. He also wrote “A mi Madre” (To My Mother), a touching ode and Liwanag at Dilim (Light and Darkness), a prose.
Emilio Jacinto
a Filipino revolutionary leader. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution“
Andres Bonifacio
a Filipino journalist, orator, reformist, and national hero who is well known for his newspaper, La Solidaridad in Barcelona Esperanzas (Hope)
Graciano Lopez Jaena
a multi-awarded Filipina fictionist, journalist, radio script writer and editor from the Philippines aka Aling Baby Arceo authored a number of well-received novels, such as Canal de la Reina (1973) and Titser (1995).
Liwayway Arceo
defined as the setting of events, statements, or ideas and in the way that it can be understood and assessed.
context
the process of breaking down something into its parts to learn what they do and how they relate to one another.
analysis
is simply an analysis of a text that helps us to assess that text within the context of its historical and cultural setting.
contextual analysis
Some writers (not all) write from their experiences. As a reader, conducting an authorial context analysis, it is your job to figure the connection of an author’s life to his/her written story.
Authorial/Biographical Context
As a reader, conducting a socio-historical context analysis, it is your job to identify what kind of society is being featured in the story.
Socio-Historical Context
it is important that you identify how
the author describes or presents the world, human nature and the connection between the two
in the story.
philosophical context
Focuses on the reader (or "audience") and their experience of a literary work.
Id: Instincts, Ego: Reality, Superego: Morality
Reader-response Criticism
It argues that literary texts, like dreams, express the secret unconscious desires and anxieties of the author.
Psychoanalytic Criticism
An idea, symbol, pattern, or character type in a story. Story element that appears repeatedly;
around the world and symbolizes something universal.
Character: Hero and Anti-hero or protagonist and antagonist
Situational: Heroic Adventure or poor to rich adventure
Archetypal Criticism
a category that authors use to describe the primary content and tone of their writing.
literary genre
Refers to a story that comes from a writer’s imagination, as opposed to one based strictly on fact or a true story.
fiction
Refers to a story that is based strictly on fact or a true story, real events and real people, such as biography or history.
non-fiction
Two Main Literary Genres
fiction and non-fiction
Story through text and illustrated image
Illustrated Novels
Combination of book, movie/video and internet websites . Graphic Novel - Narrative in comic book formats
Digi-fiction
Comic books and graphic novels originally published in Japan
manga
Doodle drawings and handwritten graphics. Doodling refers to drawing,
sketching, or scribbling idly.
doodle fiction
Fiction which addresses issues of modern womanhood
chick-lit
Fantasy, sci-fi, supernatural fiction
speculative fiction
Oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play and voice inflection
spoken poetry