Cell and Molecular Bio
What characteristic makes replication origins weaker and easier to separate for DNA replication?
High AT content
What specialized sequences serve as 'caps' to the ends of DNA strands?
Telomeres
What is the role of the 'unique bases' (G, C, A, T) in a DNA strand?
They contain the genetic information and spell out genes.
Which component of a nucleotide is responsible for making each nucleotide unique?
Bases
What factors influence the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein?
Their function
Which best describes interphase chromosomes?
They duplicate, are less condensed, and genes are expressed.
What specific scantron number should be brought for Exam 1?
#26340 or #F-1712-PAR-L
How many hydrogen bonds are formed between Adenine and Thymine (A-T) versus Guanine and Cytosine (G-C) base pairs?
A-T forms 2 bonds; G-C forms 3 bonds.
Approximately how many genes are typically found along chromosomes?
Hundreds to thousands (100s-1,000s)
Describe the relative size of the major groove compared to the minor groove in a double helix.
The major groove is larger, with more space between double stranded coils, compared to the minor groove.
In a(n) ________ reaction pathway, the activation energy is higher than it is for a(n) ________ reaction pathway.
uncatalyzed; enzyme-catalyzed
Which pathway correctly describes how genetic information flows from DNA to proteins?
DNA -> RNA -> proteins
What forms the backbone of DNA?
Sugar and phosphate bonded together
What statement incorrectly describes proteins?
They fold due to covalent bonds.
Which of the following best describes how proteins interact with other molecules?
Proteins have specific binding sites that recognize and attach to certain molecules.
In a human cell, what would happen to DNA replication during interphase of the cell cycle if there were a single origin of replication in the entire genome?
A single chromosome would be replicated.
How do mitotic chromosomes differ from interphase chromosomes in terms of condensation?
Mitotic chromosomes are highly condensed (~10,000X more compact), while interphase chromosomes are less condensed.
When is Exam 1 scheduled to take place?
Wednesday, February 11
What is the primary function of a replication origin on a chromosome?
It starts DNA replication.
Which level of protein structural organization contains alpha helix and beta sheets?
Secondary
How many pairs of chromosomes are typically found in human cells?
23 pairs
What are the three 'building blocks' that make up nucleotides?
Sugar, phosphate, base
You discover a molecule of DNA with strands that are very difficult to separate. What characteristic does this DNA molecule likely have?
The DNA sequence has more Guanines and Cytosines than Adenines and Thymines.
What is the deadline for the Exam 1 Student Generation Question quiz?
Saturday, Feb 7 @ 11:59pm
What would happen if a motor protein, which normally uses ATP to move in a single direction, didn't bind ATP or any other high-energy molecule?
Conformation changes would occur, but in a random order resulting in the protein making no net movement.
What is the characteristic structure of a protein's primary level of organization?
Linear
What is the role of the centromere on a chromosome?
It serves as an anchor point for pulling chromosomes during cell division.
What is defined as 'all the DNA of an organism'?
A genome
What term describes the orientation of the two DNA strands, running in opposite 3' to 5' directions?
Antiparallel
What type of bonds are not the primary cause of protein folding?
Covalent bonds