ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
all _____ start with sun
It outlines which eats whom
Food chain
______ consumers, mostly herbivores, exist at the next level (second level)
Primary consumers
______________mostly are omnivores and carnivores
Secondary and Tertiary consumers
_____________ produces its own food from sunlight
Grass
all of the interconnected and overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a __________
food web
they are the ones who's in the second and fourth tropic levels
consumers
Energy from __________ is transferred through the ecosystem by passing through different tropic levels
Sun
the most familiar type of autotroph
Plants
some types of _______ are living in active volcanoes use sulfur compounds to produce their own food in a process called chemosynthesis
Bacteria
located at the second tropic level. consist of organisms that eat the producers. they are Herbivres
Primary consumers
eat other consumers. have no natural enemies except humans
Apex Predators / Top predators
They are the consumers who are animals that eat other animals
carnivores
_______ and _________ are the final part of the food chains
Detritivores and decomposers
Fungi and bacteria complete the food chain
Decomposers
food relationship that shows the flow of energy in an environment
food chains
a straight line diagram of who eats whom
Food chains
Connect different food chains, and many different tropic leves
Food web
_________ is the energy in living organisms
Biomass
_________, the producers in a food web, convert the suns energy ito biomass
Autotrophs
happens in a single organism over its lifespan, resulting in a higher concentration in older individuals
Bioaccumulation
happens as chemical transfer from lower tropic levels to higher tropic levels within a food web, resulting in a higher concentration in apex predators
Biomagnification
interaction between a community of living organisms and their environment
Ecosystem
two or more populations of organisms
Community
all the organisms of the same or closely related species in an area
Population
a living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life
Organisms
The interactions between different organisms in an environment which is rich in living and non-living elements that interact with each other n some way
Biological interactions
a term coined by a German botanist, Anton de Bar in 1879, from a Greek word symbioun that means to live together
Symbiosis
symbionts occur on the body surface of the hosts
Ectosymbiosis
symbionts occur inside the cells or the tissue(intercellular space) of the host
Endosymbiosis
both organisms benfit
Mutualism
one benefits while the other is unaffected
commensalism
one is harmed while the other is unafected
Amesalism
one benefits while the other is harmed
Parasitism
both are harmed
Competition
Only a part is eaten
Grazing
With act of killing
Predation