geo
According to the IPCC, what is the critical milestone for greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming to 1.5°C?
Emissions peaking before 2025
Which of the following is NOT a critical theme addressed by the Border Ecologies Network?
Automated border control
Which natural disaster's intensity is projected to rise by 2-11% by 2100 due to climate change?
Tropical cyclones
According to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (2022), what percentage of the global population is highly vulnerable to climate impacts?
Around 40%
In geography, which concept is defined as an abstract, conceptual stage for human activities?
Space
Yves Lacoste's contributions underscore what aspect of geography?
Its enduring political and military dimensions
How is the Italian border primarily marked along its 1913 km stretch?
A series of boundary stones
What is the average annual water requirement for an individual to grow food?
1,000 cubic meters
What was the 'Hodgson Line' that became a point of contention in the Kashmir conflict?
A line drawn by a geographer in the U.S. State Department extending the ceasefire line.
What is one of the key concepts in Contested Environments and Landscapes of Violence?
Landscapes of systemic conflict
What is the Białowieża Forest, spanning the border between Poland and Belarus, recognized as?
One of the last remaining primeval forests in Europe
What does Johan Galtung's theory of positive peace emphasize?
Cooperation and integration
What did John Brian Harley (1988) argue about maps?
They should be read as 'thick' texts reflecting biases.
What concept was introduced in 2008 to address the shifting Italian-Swiss border due to glacier melting?
Moving border
What does environmental determinism posit about human societies and behaviors?
They are significantly shaped by the natural environment.
Which landscape of violence described by Derek Gregory involved soldiers battling infections and the physicality of mud?
The mud of the Western Front
In 2021, how did Belarus use the Białowieża Forest in a diplomatic crisis with the European Union?
As a corridor for migrants to pressure Poland
What did the Brundtland Commission (1987) warn about regarding humanity's survival?
The cumulative and irreversible degradation of the biosphere
Which map is an example of decolonizing cartography, presenting the Great Lakes through the lens of the Anishinaabe people?
'The Great Lakes: an Ojibwe Perspective'
What does political ecology primarily examine?
The interplay of environmental phenomena and political, economic, and social systems
What term did Paul Crutzen introduce to describe humanity's transformative impact on Earth's planetary systems?
Anthropocene
What criticism has been leveled against large-scale conservation projects like Africa's Great Green Wall Initiative from a political ecology perspective?
Its exclusion of local communities and exacerbation of land-use conflicts
What is 'economic water scarcity' primarily caused by?
Failures in infrastructure and governance
What was the strategic significance of the Slovenian-Italian border during the Cold War?
The dividing line between Western Bloc and Communist Yugoslavia
What percentage of alpine glaciers' overall size has decreased from 1850 to the present?
50%
Which case study is used to illustrate how declining rainfall and reduced Euphrates River flow exacerbated social tensions and fueled migration?
Syria
What is the primary focus of critical toponymy?
The interplay of power, capital, and resistance through place-names
What does the term 'surgical' conflict, identified by Gregory (2010), refer to?
Sensitive and scrupulous military violence in detached spaces
What historical event led to the annexation of the German-speaking area of South Tyrol by Italy after its initial establishment in 1866?
Post-World War I peace settlements
According to General Sir Rupert Smith, what characterizes modern warfare?
Strategic confrontation involving various combatants
Which treaty defined the final Italian-French border after the annexation of Savoy and Nice by France?
Treaty of Turin in 1860
According to scholars, which factor makes regions particularly prone to conflict?
Densely populated areas