study
Which case significantly weakened the protections for religious freedom established in Sherbert v. Verner?
Employment Division v. Smith
Which case declared poll taxes unconstitutional for voting?
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
What is the Fourth Amendment designed to protect against?
Unreasonable searches and seizures
According to Carroll v. United States, police may search cars without warrants if what condition exists?
Probable cause
What does the Establishment Clause prevent the government from doing?
Establishing a national religion
Which case replaced the 'clear and present danger' standard with a stronger protection for speech?
Brandenburg v. Ohio
The Exclusionary Rule, affirmed in Mapp v. Ohio, prohibits the use of what in state courts?
Illegally obtained evidence
Corporate independent political spending was protected as speech in which Supreme Court case?
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
Which landmark case established that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal?
Brown v. Board of Education
Which case established that the Constitution contains an implied right to privacy, deriving from 'penumbras'?
Griswold v. Connecticut
What type of scrutiny was established in Craig v. Boren for gender classifications?
Intermediate scrutiny
What rights must police advise suspects of, as established in Miranda v. Arizona?
Right to remain silent and to an attorney
Which Supreme Court case established that attaching a GPS to a vehicle without a warrant violated the Fourth Amendment?
United States v. Jones
What type of prayer was found to violate the Establishment Clause in Engel v. Vitale?
School-sponsored prayer
Actual malice requires proving either knowing falsity or what type of disregard for the truth?
Reckless disregard
In Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, the Court found prayer before what event unconstitutional?
Football games
According to Tinker v. Des Moines, students do not 'shed their constitutional rights' when they enter what location?
The schoolhouse gate
Which core constitutional principle is protected by the First Amendment regarding various forms of expression?
Freedom of speech and press
Which Supreme Court case allowed schools to restrict student speech promoting illegal drug use?
Morse v. Frederick
Schools can restrict student speech only if it causes material disruption or what other consequence?
Substantial interference
According to Terry v. Ohio, police may stop and frisk based on what standard?
Reasonable suspicion
For public officials to prove defamation, they must demonstrate a false statement and what else?
Actual malice
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, what was ruled unconstitutional regarding affirmative action?
Racial quotas
What exception to the Exclusionary Rule was created in United States v. Leon?
The good faith exception
What standard did Schenck v. United States establish for restricting speech, particularly during wartime?
The clear and present danger doctrine
What type of expression was protected as symbolic speech in the case of Texas v. Johnson?
Flag burning
What is the key term for government censorship before publication?
Prior restraint
According to Holmes' famous quote, speech protections are not absolute and government has broader power during what specific period?
Periods of wartime
Which landmark case ruled that same-sex marriage is protected under Due Process and Equal Protection?
Obergefell v. Hodges
In Sherbert v. Verner, the Supreme Court ruled that strict scrutiny applies when the government burdens what?
Religious practice
Speech on matters of public concern is protected even if deeply offensive, as affirmed in which case?
Snyder v. Phelps
Which case involved the government attempting to stop the publication of the Pentagon Papers?
New York Times Co. v. United States
In Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L., what type of speech received stronger protection?
Off-campus student speech
The 'undue burden' standard for abortion restrictions was introduced in which case?
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
For speech to be prohibited under the Imminent Lawless Action Test, it must be intended to produce such action AND what other condition?
It must be likely to produce such action