MB2-NBCD pt. 2
Which of the following series describes the chronological sequences of events that occurs during the first week of starvation?
glycogenolysis,gluconeogenesis, fatty acid mobilization, ketogenesis
What does it mean to choose foods for their nutrient density?
Foods with a lot of nutrients per calorie such as fish are more nutritious choices than foods with fewer nutrients per calorie such as candy.
The glycemic index rates:
the potential of foods to raise blood glucose and insulin levels.
Heartburn is caused by:
seepage of gastric acid into the esophagus.
The risk of heart disease is reduced in people who have high blood levels of:
high-density lipoproteins.
Which of the following disorders is linked with the production of free radicals?
cardiovascular disease
Abnormal taste perception is clinically known as:
dysgeusia
Behaviors such as smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, and alcohol consumption that influence the development of disease are known as:
risk factors.
The diet-planning principle that provides all the essential nutrients in sufficient amounts to support health is:
adequacy
A person who chooses a chicken leg that provides 0.5 milligrams of iron and 95 kcalories instead of 2 tablespoons of peanut butter that also provides 0.5 milligrams of iron but 188 kcalories is using the principle of nutrient _.
density
All blood leaving the Gl tract travels first to the:
liver
Which nutrients leave the Gl tract by way of the lymphatic system?
fats and fat-soluble vitamins
With insufficient glucose in metabolism, fat fragments combine to form:
ketone bodies.
Saturated fatty acids:
are fully loaded with hydrogens.
Chylomicrons are produced in the:
small intestine.
The lipoprotein most associated with a high risk of heart disease is:
LDL
The body stores energy for future use in
triglycerides
During a fast, when glycogen stores have been depleted, the body begins to synthesize glucose from:
acetyl CoA.
Duríng a fast, the body produces ketone bodies by:
condensing acetyl CoA.
A person who consistently consumes 1700 kcalories a day and expends 2200 kcalories a day for a month would be expected to:
lose 4 to 5 pounds
Which of the following increases disease risk?
central obesity
With weight loss, fat cells:
decrease in size only.
Obesity is caused by:
multiple factors
The protein produced by the fat cells under the direction by the ob gene is called:
leptin
Which of the following is not used to evaluate the risk to health from obesity?
blood leptin levels
Gastric bypass surgery:
limits food intake by reducing the capacity of the stomach
A realistic goal for weight loss is to reduce body weight _______ .
by 10 percent over 6 months.
Successful weight loss depends on:
reducing energy intakes and increasing physical activity.
Which strategy would not help an overweight person to lose weight?
eat slowly
Which strategy would not help an underweight person to gain weight?
drink plenty of water
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-base balance depends primarily on the:
kidneys
The progressive overload principle can be applied by performing:
an activity with more intensity.
The technique endurance athletes use to maximize glycogen stores is called:
muscle conditioning
Conditioned muscles rely less on______ and more on_____ for energy.
glycogen;fat
Vitamin or mineral supplements taken just before an event are useless for improving performance because the:
body needs hours or days for the nutrients to do their work.
Which characteristic is not commonly associated with atrophic gastritis?
vitamin B12 toxicity
The best dietary advice for a person with osteoarthritis might be to:
lose weight,if overweight.
The immune cells of the body do not include:
antigens
Which of the following produce antibodies?
B-cells
.The most effective strategy for most people to lower their blood pressure is:
lose weight
All of the following factors increase the risk of type 2 diabetes except:
smoking
The most important dietary strategy in diabetes is to:
provide for a consistent carbohydrate intake.
The increase in basal metabolism per degree Fahrenheit rise in body temperature is:
7%
Megaloblastic anemia is characteristic of:
both a and b
Recommended calorie increase above TER for a moderately active pregnant woman.
TER plus 400 kcal
A person in insulin shock should immediately be given some form of easily available carbohydrates like
all of the above
.A good source of polyunsaturated fatty acid except:
coconut oil
Foods to limit in an alkaline-ash diet.
meat and fish
Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism is usually associated with what condition?
diabetes mellitus
.A non-fasting glucose level equal to or greater than 200 mg/dL is indicative of:
diabetes mellitus
Which of the following foods may worsen diarrhea?
leafy vegetables
A client has a poor appetite for several days. Strategies that may be used to improve a client's food intake may include any of the following except
feed the client by tube
A client needs 1800 milliliters of formula a day. If the client is to receive the formula intermittently every 4 hours he/she will need _ milliliters of the formula at each feeding.
300
Tube feeding can gradually be discontinued when:
the client is able to eat foods or drink formula in sufficient amounts.
The health care professional selecting an appropriate lateral formula for a client considers all of the following except:
the formula's cost.
All the following can be delivered intravenously except:
hydrolyzed enteral formulas
A gradual transition from an intravenous feeding to an oral diet is primarily designed to:
ensure that nutrient needs will continue to be met.
The intravenous lipid emulsions provided two or three times a week in total parenteral nutrition formulas serve primarily as a source of .
essential fatty acid
With respect to nutrient needs, chronic stresses differ from acute stresses because chronic stresses____
continue to straín nutrient stores over a long period of time.
Wasting in people with COPD is associated with all of the following except:
diarrhea and malabsorption
Which foods and medications should not be taken together by a client using the antibiotic tetracycline?
.milk,calcium-containing antacids, iron supplements
Clients undergoing colostomies and ileostomies may temporarily receive a low fiber,bland diet to:
help the stoma heal
.A gluten-free diet excludes:
wheat,barley,rye and oats
Caloric requirement for a l-2 year-old male child according to the 2015 Philippine Dietary Reference Intake
1000 kcal
Nutrition problems associated with fat malabsorption syndromes include all of the following except:
oxalate kidney stones
All of the following may affect the nutrient needs of people with inflammatory bowel disease except:
dumping syndrome
Ms. Santos has glumerulonephritis and is oliguric. A fluid restriction of 700 ml/day is ordered. To help her comply with this restriction, the dietitian should advise her to:
add gravy or sauce to meats and starchy foods.
The dietitian must closely monitor the client with nephrotic syndrome for deficiencies of which vitamín?
D
Mr.dela Cruz has developed acute renal failure after a major burn. During the oliguric phase,hemodialysis is initiated so that protein will not have to be severely restricted. While Mr. dela Cruz is dependent on hemodialysis, the dietitian should make sure that:
foods high in vitamin C are offered frequently.
Mr. dela Pena is being discharged from the hospital after removal of a calcium oxalate kidney stone. To prevent recurrence of renal calculi, the dietitian should instruct him to:
.avoid drinking beer
Ms. Cruz has urinary tract infection for which methenamine mandelate (Mandelamine)is prescribed. To enhance the effectiveness of the medication, the dietitian should encourage Ms. Cruz to increase her intake of:
prunes and plums
.An intake of less than_____ mg per day for a long period of time will result in goiter
50 mg per day
Ms. Perez, 30 years old, has several family members who have had cancer. She asks the nurse how she can reduce her risk of cancer. What would you suggest?
Reduce her use of smoked, salt-cured, nitrate-cured foods.
Ms. Gascon has been losing weight during her chemotherapy for breast cancer. She reports that she feels full after eating a few bites and cannot finish a meal.Which suggestion
is most likely to help her?
Increase the nutrient content of your meals by adding sauces, powdered milk,cheese or peanut butter to other foods.
Mr. Diaz has lung cancer, which has metastasized to his spine. Based on this information, it will be essential for the dietitian to monitor him for:
hypercalcemia
.A hereditary childhood disease galactosemia is characterized by a:
very low galactose-l-PO4 uridyl transferase activity in the liver
A patient has a gastric defect that results in a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase. After eating a meal containing a large amount of fat, one would expect to see a plasma elevation of the:
chylomicrons
Which one of the following is always found in patients with diabetes mellitus?
an inability to metabolize glucose appropriately
An individual with obesity-associated diabetes (type II) .
usually develops a normal glucose tolerance test if his weight returns to normal.
Relative or absolute lack of insulin in humans would result in which one of the following reactions in the skeletal muscle?
Increased use of muscle proteins for production of amino acids
The presence of excess fat in the stool, which is usually caused by liver disease is called
steatorrhea
A pregnant woman who is most at risk of gestational diabetes has a BMMl of
>30
The initiation and propagation of neuron action potentials largely depends on these
two cations:
I.calcium 2.sodium 3.phosphorus 4.potassium
2&4
Calcium is antagonistic to:
magnesium
A 500 ml dextrose solution contains how much calories?
85
Common signs of hyperthyroidism:
heat intolerance,sweating
Due to the catabolic effects of inflammation, patients with acute pancreatitis need how much protein per day?
1.2-1.5g/kg/day
Which of the following is high fat exchange meat?
pork belly
What is the mEq of a 1500 mg sodium?
65mEq
A tube feeding formula that has a a prescription of 1900 calories and a dilution of I.5calories per ml will have a total volume of:
1266 ml
A sodium-free food label means a serving portion must contain:
.<5mg Na
It is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar level over the past three months:
HbAlc
.Individuals who are more likely to develop osteoporosis
white female
A person with Type 2 Diabetes should consume:
.whole grains and high fiber foods
Which among the foods should be restricted for a low purine diet?
anchovies