tppd 7
a site where there are no existing man-made buildings, utilities, and facilities
Greenfleld
a site where there are existing buildings, utilities, and facilities
Brownfield
a pioneer in tourism
gunn 1982
Activities in protected area are being controlled
Protected Areas: NIPAS Act of 1992
NIPAS meaning
National Integrated Protected Areas System
NIPAS CATEGORIES
Strict nature reserve
Natural park
Natural monument
Wildlife sanctuary
Protected landscapes and seascapes
Resource reserve
MANAGEMENT ZONES
Strict protection zone
Multiple use zone
Sustainable use zone
Restoration zone
Habitat management zones
Special use zones
Cultural zone
Recreation zone
Buffer zone
PROTECTED AREA ZONES WHERE TOURISM IS ALLOWED (CATANOG et al., 2012)
HT, SI, & ST
Natural Parks, natural monument, and wildlife sanctuaries
PROTECTED AREA ZONES WHERE TOURISM IS ALLOWED (CATANOG et al., 2012)
ST
Protected landscapes and seascapes
Is characterized by a willingness to experience the wilderness with few comforts
Hard tourism
More casual and motivated by a desire to experience nature with some basic degree of comfort
Soft tourism
Guidelines for Developing Tourism in PAs
Maintain the natural aesthetics.
Use appropriate design and materials.
Minimize Impact on nature.
Consider the impact of climate change.
Determinants of Carrying Capacity (CarCap)
Area used for tourism
Visitor standard: aero used by individual tourists
Rotation coefficient
Limiting factors
Sensitivity of the ecosystem
strictly prohibited areas
Environmentally critical areas
Mangroves
Coral reefs
Animal habitats