ps1
immature and irresponsible
child
is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty.
child
Children are active leamers from birth
children as a learner
definition of adolescence
is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood
learners are active, goal-directed, and
self-regulating. They assume personal responsibility
for contributing to their own learning.
adolescent as learner
the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the life span
➤ includes growth and decline
➤ can be positive or negative
human development
Development proceeds from the center of the body outward.
Proximodistal pattern
Development proceeds from the head downward.
Cephalocaudal Pattern
Believes that individuals will show extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood and decline in late old age
traditional perspective
Believes that even in adulthood, developmental change takes place as it does during childhood
Life-span Approach
It does not end in adulthood. No developmental stage dominates development
Development is LIFELONG-
Development consists of biological, cognitive and socio-emotional dimensions
Development is MULTIDIMENSIONAL
Development is possible throughout the lifespan.
Development is PLASTIC-
Individuals are changing beings in a changing world.
Development is CONTEXTUAL-
Growth, maintenance and regulation are 3 goals of human development. The goals of individuals vary among developmental stages.
Development involves GROWTH, MAINTENANCE and REGULATION
Conception occurs and development begins. All of the major structures of the body are forming and the health of the mother is of primary concern.
Prenatal Development
three phases
germina stages
embryonic stages
fetal stages
first 2 weeks, conception, implantation, and formation of placenta
Germinal Stage
2 weeks-2 months, formation of vital organs and systems
embryonic stage
2 months-birth, bodily growth continues, movement capability begins, brain cells multiply age of viability
fetal stage
The first year and a half to two years of life are ones of dramatic growth and change
infacy and toddlerhood
Change from plump baby to a learner
Begins to walk and talk Ability for passive language
Tentative sense of independence
Determined explorer
1 year old
Begins to communicate verbally
Can usually speak in 3 to 4 word sentences Famous for negative behavior "NO" to everything!
Will play side by side other children, but does not actively play with them Great imitators
2 years old
is also referred to as the preschool years consisting of the years which follow toddlerhood and precede formal schooling
early childhood
Wants to be just like parents
Vocabulary and pronunciation continue to expand
Climbs stairs with alternating feet
Can briefly stand on one foot
3 years old
Can hop on one foot and skip Can accurately copy figures
May begin to read
Socialize with other children their age
5 years old
The ages of six through twelve comprise middle childhood and much of what children experience at this age is connected to their involvement in the early grades of school
Middle Childhood and Late Childhood
is a period of dramatic physical change marked by an overall physical
growth spurt and sexual maturation, known as puberty.
Adolescence (13 to 18 years old)
Traumatic life stage for child and parent
Puberty occurs
Extremely concerned with appearance
Trying to establish self-identity Confrontation with authorirty
adolescence
The twenties and thirties are often thought of as early adulthood. (Students who are in
their mid-30s tend to love to hear that they are a young adultf)
Early Adulthood (19 to 29 years old)
Here are some of the basic questions within the realm of developmental psychology and what many psychologists today believe about these issues.
Developmental Psychology Issues and Debates
debate is one of the oldest issues in both philosophy and psychology
nature versus nurture
nurture
john locke
nature
plato and Descartes
nature
puberty
nurture
environmental factors of puberty