REVIEWER
forms the outer boundary of the cell
plasma membrane
is usually located centrally
nucleus
located between the plasma membrane and necleus
cytoplasm
perform specific function
organelles
involves all chemical reaction
cell metabolism
structural and functional characteristic of the cell
synthesis of molecules
cells communicate with each other by using chemical and electrical signals
communication
allow us to visualize the general features of the cell
light microscopes
in order to study yhe fine structure of cell, researchers use this kind of microscopes
electron microscopes
those inside the cell
intracellular
thos outside the cell
extracullular
is a result of the the cell regulations of ion movement into and out of the cell
membrane potential
the plasma membrane consist primarily of?
lipids,proteins and small amount of carbohydrates
carbohydrates combine with lipid
glycolipids
carbohydrates combine with proteins
glycoproteins
is the collection of glycolipids, glycoproteinsamd carbohydrates
glycocalyx
readily assemble to form a LIPID BILAYER
Phospholipids
a double layer of phospholipids
lipid bilayer
the polar heads are attracted to water molecules
hydrophilic
the non polar and not attracted to water molecules
hydrophobic
penetrate depply into the lipid bilayer
integral membrane proteins
inner or the outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer
peripheral membrane proteins
cell surface molecules that allow cells to identify other cells or other molecules
marker molecules
are integral proteins that allow cells to attach to other cells or to extracellular molecules
attachment proteins
are protein that attach cell to other cells
cadherins
sre proteins that attach cell to extracellular molecules
integrins
are integra proteins that allow ions or molecules to move from one side
transport proteins
transport protein binds to and transport only a certain type
specificity
similar shape binding to the transport protein
competition
rate of movement of molecules across the membrane is limited by the number of available transport proteins
saturation
one or more integral membrane proteins arranged so that they form a tiny channel
channel proteins
always open and are responsible for the plasma membrane
leak ion channels
open and close depending on certain condition of the cell
gated ion channels
generic term for any chemical signal molecule used by cells to communicate with each other
ligand
is a change int he membrane potential
ligand gated ion channels
integral membrane proteins that move ions or molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other
Carrier protein
one specific ion or molecule across the membrane
uniport
two different ions or molecules in the same direction
symport
two different ion or molecules in opposite directions
antiport
liquid or gas
solvent
substances dissolve
solute
movement of solute
diffusion
is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis
water channel proteins
aquaporins
is thw force required to prevent water from moving by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane
osmistic pressure
same ostomic pressure
isosmotic
greater concentration
hypermotic
lower oamotic pressure
hyposmotic
thw shape of the cell remain constant
isotonic
intenal tension or tone a condition called
tonicity
water inside to outside
hypertonic
water outside to inside
hypotonic
causing the cell to shrink
crenation
rapture process
lysis
movement of solute is higher to lower
facilitated diffusion
a membrane transport process by which membrane transport proteins mediate
mediated transport
is a mediated transport process that requires energy provided by atp
active transport
involves the active transport of an ion
secondary active transport
movement of larger volumes of substance across the plasma membrane
vesicular transport
papasok sa cell using vesicle
endocytosis
palabas sa cell using vesicle
exocytosis
cell eating
phagocytosis
cell drinking
pinocytosis