Cell memmbrane and transportation
It separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment, and it regulates what enters and exits the cell.( In simple terms, the _______ can be thought of as the “skin” or protective barrier of cell.)
Cell Membrane
Chemicals that can not easily pass through the membrane:
glucose, proteins
Chemicals that can pass easily through the membrane :
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, water, lipid molecules
It allows some molecules in and keeps other molecules out (not all can easily pass through it!!!)
semi-permeable or Selectively permeable:
All cells have a cell membrane that controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain an internal balance called
homeostasis
Cell membrane provides _______ for the cell
protection and support
It is composed of two layers of lipids therefore it is called lipid
Bi-layer
Each layer of lipid is composed of a ____________ (water loving) and ___________ (water fearing)
-Phosphate head which is Hydrophilic
-Fatty acid tails which are Hydrophobic
The hydrophobic lipid Tails are oriented _____ and the hydrophilic phosphate Heads are aligned so they face ________, either toward the cytoplasm or the outside environment.
-inwards
-outward
_______ are also found in the membrane which serve as channels, receptors, antigens etc.
Proteins and Carbohydrates
______ are carbohydrates attached to a lipid
Glycolipids
_______ are carbohydrates attached to a protein
Glycoproteins
The purpose of cell transport is to maintain the _______ within the cell or homeostasis.
internal balance
The different kinds of cell transport are divided into two categories: those that require energy (ATP) and those that do not.Two Types of Cellular Transport
1. Passive transport
2. Active transport
- cell does NOT use energy
- Molecules spread out or moves out from an area of 𝙝𝙞𝙜𝙝 concentration to an area of 𝙡𝙤𝙬 concentration.
Passive Transport
Types of Passive Transport:
1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
-cell uses energy
-Movement from an area of 𝙡𝙤𝙬 concentration to an area of 𝙝𝙞𝙜𝙝 concentration
Active Transport
Types of Active Transport:
1.Protein Pumps
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
it is a type if passive transport that random movement of substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (High to Low)
Diffusion
type of passive transport that diffusion or movement of 𝙬𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 through a selectively permeable membrane
(Water moves from high to low concentrations)
Osmosis
diffusion of specific particles through 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙞𝙣𝙨 found in the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (High to Low via Transport Proteins)
Facilitated diffusion
-Requires transport proteins
-It needs energy
-Movement of substance is from Low concentration to High concentration(Low to High via Transport Proteins which requires energy)
Protein Pumps
-taking bulky material into a cell
-Uses energy
-Cell membrane in-folds around food particle
Endocytosis
Two Types of Endocytosis:
1. Pinocytosis
2. Phagocytosis
-_______ the movement of fluids into the cell= “cell drinking”
-In _______ the cell membrane encloses a droplet of fluid and its solutes and brings the droplet into the cell.
Pinocytosis
-_______ the movement of large food particles or whole microorganisms into the cell = “cell eating”
- In ________ the cell engulfs a food particle . The vesicle containing food then fuses with a lysosome carrying digestive enzymes. This is how white blood cells (macrophage) eat bacteria!
Phagocytosis
-Forces material out of the cell in bulk
-membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane
-Cell changes shape – requires energy
EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell
Exocytosis
- _______diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Water is so small and there is so much of it the cell can’t control it’s movement through the cell membrane.
Osmosis
-The solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than inside the cell. (Low solute; High water)
-The Cell Swells and it will eventually burst open because water moves from the solution to inside the cell
Hypotonic
-The solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water than inside the cell. (High solute; Low water)
-The Cell shrinks. Water moves from inside the cell into the solution
Hypertonic
-The concentration of solutes in the solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell. (equal concentration)
-No change in the cell’s shape since Water moves equally in both directions
Isotonic