Quiz #1 Chapter 2 CRJ
Corrections
as a process whereby practitioners from a variety of agencies and programs use tools, techniques, and facilities to engage in orgranzied security.
Restitution
a debt owed to the victim rather than a punishment.
Reintegration
offenders will be deterred from reoffending due to their having worthwhile stakes in legitmate society.
Retribution
implies that offenders committing a crime should be punished in a like fashion or in a manner that is commensurate with the severity of the crime.
Restorative Justice
interventions that focus on restoring the health of the community, repairing the harm done, meeting victims needs and emphasizing that the offender can and must contribute to thosr repairs.
Incapacitation
deprives offenders of their liberty and removes them from society with the intent of ensuring that society cannot be further victimized.
Strain Theory
denotes that when individuals cannot obtain success goals they will tend to experience a sense of pressure often called strain.
Conflict Theory
maintains that concepts of inequality and power are the central issues underlying crime and its control.
Discrimination
a differential response toward a group without providing any legally legitmate reasons for that response.
Disparity
inconsistencies in sentencing and or sanctions that result from the decison making process.
Labeling Theory
contends that individuals become stabilized in criminal roles when they are labeled as criminals.
Selective Incapacations
identifying inmates who are of particular concern to public safety and providing them with much longer sentences.
Mitigating Factors/Circumstances
do not exonerate an offender but do make the commission of the crime more understandable and also help to reduce the level of culpability that the offender might have had.
Aggravating Circumstances
magnify the offensive nature of the crime and tend to result in longer sentences.
Indeterminate Sentences
is sentencing that includes a range of years that will be potentially served by the offender.
Determinate Sentences
consists of fixed periods of incarceration with no later flexibility in the term that is served.
Behavioral Theory/Operant Conditioning
related concepts in psychology that describe how behavior is shaped by environmental stimuli and which then leads to a consequence.
Learning Theory
a cognitive and behavioral approach that explains how people leanr criminal behavior by observing others and their consequences.
Deterrence
is the theory that criminal penalties csn discouage others from committing similar crimes.
Rehabilitation
offenders will be deterred from reoffending due to their having worthwhile stakes in legitmate society.