global
The Age of Reason inspired by the Scientific Revolution. Known for a new era in Political and Philosophical ways of life over faith. Late 17th century to early 19th century, intellectual Movement. John Locke is known for natural rights of life, liberty, and property. Inspired the Enlightenment Revolutions; American, French, Haitian, Latin. Prominent figures and new political ways arose.
The Enlightenment
: Revolution from 1789 to 1799. Rise against Absolute Monarch Napoleon Bonaparte. Starting with the commoners or third estate Storming the Bastille. Commoners or Radicals formed the national assembly to form new political powers to hinder absolute monarchy. Liberals of the enlightenment formed such as Montesquieu’s Separation of Powers to help create better power in France and John Locke with natural rights of the people.
French Revolution in 1789:
Occurred in 1793-1794 by Maximilian Robespierre. The Guillotine used to execute a mass number of people. The Committee of Public Safety came about by the National Convention in 1793 to defend the nation against foreign and domestic enemies and keep the government in check. Checks and Balances format
The Reign of Terror:
Napoleon was a self-proclaimed ruthless leader during his time in France from late 1700s to early 1800’s. One of the greatest army generals who abused political power in France. A military genius with a 50:10 Win/Loss ratio. He was supposed to retire after his loss at Waterloo on the island of Elba, but escaped exile and came back to rule France. His brother in law stood beside him and died in battle on the island of Saint-Domingue as Napoleon failed to capture Haiti in 1803 and his conquest in Spain and Portugal created chaos in the Americas. Inspiring the Haitian and Latin American revolution
Napoleon Bonaparte:
took place from 1791 to 1804. Place for wealthy sugar and coffee. Slave revolts were common. Haiti was called the “Pearl of Antilles” for its location and scenery in the Caribbean. Rights of Man was adopted from the French Revolution for the black slaves in Haiti. Believing they were of man and had rights and a place in society. Toussaint Louverture was a prominent figure and slave owner who led the successful Haitian revolution with creoles, mulattos, etc… declaring independence in 1804.
Haitian Revolution
A new ideology and revolutionary legacy during the late 1700s to early 1800s of the Industrial Revolution. Valuing emotion over reason and traditional costumes. Nature & Imagination were prominent. Resorting back to old ways and traditions. Rejecting the Enlightenment and industrialisation. Beethoven and Victor Hugo are prominent figures. Romanticism influenced Ernest Renan’s “What is a Nation?” to reflect on romanticism and industrialisation.
Romanticism
Father Hidalgo led the Latin American Revolution during 1810 to 1830. Simon Bolivar was a Liberator or the “George Washington” for Latin America. Accepted free blacks, mestizos, mulatos, slaves to increase his number in the army. Wanted change to their imperialist areas as independent countries formed. Democracy, independence and free government formed.
Revolutions in Latin America
Political philosophy that emphasized continuation of traditional institutions and opposition to sudden change. Keep the industrial revolution the way it was. Adam Smith was a prominent figure writing the Wealth of Nations in support of Conservatism. Yet, Klemens von Metternich is the father of Conservatism. A noble who wanted to keep the Monarchy government, church, and every aspect of life the same. He is an Austrian Nobleman and Foreign Minister from 1809-1848. Against Nationalism until 1848.
Conservatism
The strong belief of one in their own nation, stemming from its unique laws, languages, traditions, and history. Everyone is together for the love they have with their nation. Even if that means dying for your country. Giuseppe Garibaldi is the Italian Father of Nationalism who brought his people together. Nationalism has helped unite all countries and start major revolts. Such as the Sepoy Rebellion in India, Haitian Revolution, and the Latin American revolution.
Nationalism