Neuro - Pain 2

Noxious stimuli are transduced into electrical activity at the peripheral terminals of which nociceptor axons?

A Delta (lightly myelinated)

C (unmyelinated)

What molecule binds to G protein-coupled receptors on the surface of primary afferent neurons to activate phospholipase C (PLC)?

Bradykinin

What regulates TRP channel activity?

Activation of protein kinase C

Which term describes a hypothesis of stimulus intensity perception stating that a wide range of intensity values can be encoded by a group of cells, each of which is a specialist for a particular range of stimulus intensities

range fractionation

True or False: With inflammation, molecules such as bradykinin or prostaglandins bind to G-protein-coupled receptors and induce activation of protein kinases A and C in nociceptor peripheral terminals, which then phosphorylate ion channels and receptors

true

The mechanical threshold for pain is significantly ____ after a painful stimuli

decreased

Which term describes pain caused by a normalyy non-painful stimuli?

allodynia

Injury or tissue damage releases which 2 molecules that will activate or sensitize nociceptors?

Bradykinin and Prostaglandins

Activation of nociceptors releases which 2 molecules?

Substance P and CGRP

Substance P (SP) acts on ____ cells

mast

Which of the following effects does SP have once binded to mast cells?

degranulation

histamine release

plasma extravasation

Which of the following effects does CGRP have?

vasodilation

Edema, resulting from SP release and plasma extravasation, causes the additional release or liberation of ____

bradykinin

True or False: There has never been any direct evidence for the axon reflex in any afferent sensory system

true

True or False: Nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis is down regulated in inflamed peripheral tissues

false

Local production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promotes the synthesis and release of _____ from several cell types in the periphery

NGF

nerve growth factor

Voltage gated sodium channel Nav 1.7 is important in (blank), while Nav 1.8 is important in (blank)

initiating APs; propogating APs

Peripheral tissue exposure to NGF results in endocytosis, retrograde transport, _____ (increased/decreased) transcription of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), and its eventual release

increased

A noxious stimulus leads to APs in nociceptive fibers that propagate not only to the CNS but also ______ into peripheral branches

antidromically