CHAPTER 4: THEORIES OF GLOBAL STRATIFICATION (CONTEMPOPARY WORLD)
In LAYMAN's view, the word CLASS is referred to like the term "_____ _____" synonymous "socio-economic class"
social class
"SOCIO" in LATIN word is termed as _____ being defined as "COMPANION,ALLY,ASSOCIATE, FELLOW, or SHARER"
SOCIUS
The CLASS may referred to as the "_____ _____" or the SOCIO ECONOMIC CLASS or the "people having the SAME social, economic,cultural, political or educational status
Working class
He believed that it is MORE on the "CLASS" RELATIONSHIP to PRODUCTION
Karl Marx
A sociologist argued that "class" is determined by ECONOMIC POSITION, in contrast, to "SOCIAL STATUS" or "STAND" which DETERMINED by SOCIAL PRESTIGE rather than simply just relations of production
Max Weber
is a set of PEOPLE in the HIERARCHICAL SOCIAL CATEGORIES, mostly referred to upper, middle and lower classes
Social stratification
The term "CLASS" is etymologically derived from the latin ________, which was USED by CENSUS takers to CATEGORIZES CITIZENS by WEALTH to DETERMINE MILITARY service obligations.
classics
In the late 18th century, the term "CLASS" began to REPLACE classifications such as ESTATES, RANKS, and ORDERS as the primary means of organizing society into ________ _______.
hierarchical divisions
He stated that "SOCIETY as a WHOLE is MORE and MORE splitting up into TWO great HOSTILE CAMPS, into TWO great CLASSES directly FACING EACH OTHER"
Karl Marx
theory of GLOBAL STRATIFICAITION is ROOTED in the idea of ECONOMIC CLASS struggle between the BOURGEOISIE (owners of the mean of production) and the PROLETARIAT (working class). He believed that CAPITALISM inherently creates INEQUALITY and EXPLOITATION on a global scale.
Karl Marx
theory focuses on MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS of STRATIFICATION, including CLASS, STATUS, and POWER He emphasized the role of BUREAUCRACY and rationalization in perpetuating INEQUALITY, along with CULTURAL and SOCIAL FACTORS.
Max weber
Also known CAPITALISTS is referred to a few who OWN the BIG CAPITAL and utilizes the LABOR POWERS of the poor
Bourgeoisie
Also known as WORKERS, are those people that can PRODUCE more PRODUCTS for the benefit of capitalists but they do NOT OWN the production
Proletariat
Also known as the PETITE BOURGEOISIE own sufficient means of production but DO NOT PURCHASE LABOR POWER
Transitional class
Also known as LUMPENPROLETARIAT "the SOCIAL CUM that is passivley rotting mass thrown off by the LOWEST LAYERS of the OLD SOCIETY"
Dangerous class
is the CATEGORIES of DIFFERENT HIEARARCHICAL ARRANGEMENT of individuals and groups in the societies around the globe
Global stratification
is usually determined by the person's INCOME, OCCUPATIONAL prestige, WEALTH and EDUCATIONAL attainment, through other variables are sometimes considered
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS (SES)
What are the THREE STANDPOINTS towards STRATIFICATION
Micro-level, Meso-level, Macro-level
is focused on PRESTIGE and PERSONAL INFLUENCE which create INEQUALITY through FACE-TO-FACE and small group INTERACTIONS
Micro-level
is more on how CONNECTIONS to ORGANIZATIONS and INSTITUTIONS produce INEQUALITY
Meso-level
analysis considers the ROLE of ECONOMIC SYSTEMS in SHAPING individuals' RESOURCES and OPPORTUNITIES
Macro-level
it PRODUCES and UNEQUAL REDUNDANCY DISTRIBUTION of RESOURCES for people living in various nations
Macro-level phenomenon
According to world system theory as articulated by sociologist _________ _________ , CORE COUNTRIES are at the TOP of global HIERCHARCHY as they can EXCTRACT MATERIAL resources and LABOR from less developed countries.
Immanuel wallerstein
These countries typically have ADVANCED industrial economies, strong infrastructure, and HIGH LEVELS of technological development. Examples of this include the United States, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. They often exert influence over global trade, finance, and international relations.
Core countries
This COUNTRIES OWN MOST most of the world's CAPITAL and TECHNOLOGY and have EXCELLENT CONTROL over WORLD TRADE and economic agreements
Core countries
This COUNTRIES generally PROVIDE LABOR and MATERIALS to CORE COUNTRIES, which benefit core countries but also INCREASES INCOME within the semi-perpheral country
Semi-peripheral countries
What are the THREE-TIER HIERARCHY of world system theory?
Core countries, Semiperipheral countries, Peripheral countries
this COUNTRIES are usually INDEBTED to wealthy nations, and their land and populations are often EXPLOITED for the gain of other countries
Peripheral countries
also known as PERIPHERY NATIONS, are those that are LESS developed and have WEAKER ECONOMIES compared to core and semi-peripheral countries. They often rely heavily on agriculture, extractive industry, or low-skilled labor for their economic activities. This countries typically have LIMITED access to technology, infrastructure, and capital, which can hinder their economic growth and development. These nations often experience HIGHER LEVELS of POVERTY, inequality, and political instability. Examples of this include many nations in Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia, such as Afghanistan, Haiti, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Peripheral countries
INDIVIDUALS in this countries are generally have HIGHER STANDARDS of LIVING than those in semi-peripheral and peripheral countries
Core countries
is a CLASSIFICATION whereby PEOPLE RANK and EVALUATE each other as higher and by evaluations
Social stratification
What are the THREE CLASSES that can be seen in the community in the philippines
Upper class, Middle class, Lower class
has HIGH PERSONAL INCOME, INHERITED WEALTH and economic influence
Upper class
are the SMALL BUSINESSMEN, TEACHERS, MERCHANTS, TRADERS with MODEST INCOME
Middle class
In his point of view to SOCIAL CLASSES in the GLOBE are just the SAME with the SOCIAL CLASS we have in the country PHILIPPINES
Karl marx
He is an AMERICAN SOCIOLOGISTS born in 1930, BEST KNOWN for the DEVELOPMENT of WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein
A comprehensive THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK and METHODOLOGY for the STUDY of SOCIAL CHANGE in the context of the GLOBAL SYSTEM of nations
World-system theory
This was FORMULATED by sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein. This system is a GRAND NARRATIVE of world HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT. This is DYNAMIC and CONSTANTLY EVOLVING "conflicting forces which hold it together by tension, and tear it apart as each group seeks externally to remold it to its advantage"
World-system analysis
this was define as a GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISION of LABOR. while yhe basic LINKAGE is ECONOMIC, the system is REINFORCED by POLITICAL and cultural factors
World-system
In this view, WALLERSTEIN's DIVIDE the NATIONS and AREAS of the world into THREE UNITS the CORE, the PERIPHERAL, and the SEMIPERIPHERAL
Tripartite World-System
are nation historically DOMINATED the ECONOMIC STRUCTURE and still STRIVING to maintain dominance and trying to EXPOUND AUTHORITY in the world
Core nations
It refers to RICH COUNTRIES that can PRODUCE and DISTRIBUTE PRODUCTS
Core nations
are nations that PROVIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, the luxury of goods, raw material, and cheap sources of labor. Those are bing DELIVERED to CORE NATIONS
Peripheral nations
areas serve as the GEOGRAPHICALLY LOCATED POSTS to PROTECT TRADE ROUTES between the CORE and the PERIPHERY
Peripheral nations
these areas or nations CANNOT STAND INDEPENDENTLY WITHOUT the CORE AREAS or nations. and have often been a SOURCE of CONFLICT between core nations
Peripheral nations
areas serve as INTERMEDIARY TRADING AREAS between the CORE NATIONS and PERIPHERAL AREAS. They also have SMALL MANUFACTURING SECTORS, geared to both local or international trade, and some capital accumulation
Semiperipheral nations
According to wallerstein, this refers to those SITUATIONS in which ONE STATE COMBINES economic, political, and FINANCIAL SUPERIORITY over other STRONG STATES, and therefore has both military and cultural as well as economic and politcal power
Hegemony
is one FORM of INTERSTATE RELATIONSHIP within the CAPITALIST WORLD-SYSTEM
Colonialism