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messages sent to individuals or groups from another or the same organizational level or position.
Horizontal Communication
techniques used for horizontal comm.
1.Memos
2.Telephones or cell phones
3.Picnics
4.Dinners and other social affairs
messages from persons in lower level positions to persons in higher positions.
Upward Communication
message flows from higher levels to lower levels.
Downward Communication
if the sender has low credibility, the message, even if it gets through, will likely be ignored.
Lack of Credibility of the Sender
refers to interferences to effective communication occurring in the environment where the communication is undertaken
Physical Separation
without feedback, the sender will not know if the message was received at all and it does not provide the sender the opportunity to correct misimpressions about the message sent
Absence of feedback
refers to undue tension and anxiety about oral communication, written communication, or both.
Communication Apprehension
words do not always mean the same thing to different people, which pose a barrier to communication.
LANGUAGE
receiver’s feelings affect his ability to understand any message sent to him.
EMOTIONS
condition in which information inflow exceeds an individual’s processing capacity.
INFORMATION OVERLOAD
receivers selectively see and hear messages based on their needs, motivations,experience, background, and other personal characteristics.
SELECTIVE PERCEPTION
refers to the manipulation of information so that it will be seen more favourable by the receiver
FILTERING
BASIC GOALS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
1.To gain goodwill
2.To inquire
3.To inform
4.To persuade
4 FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1. INFORMATION
2. MOTIVATION
3. CONTORL
4. EMOTIVE (FUNCTION)
4.communication permits the expression of feelings and the satisfaction of social needs.
EMOTIVE FUNCTION
communication clarifies duties, authority, and responsibilities, thereby permitting control.
CONTROL FUNCTION
communication is a means used to encourage commitment to organizational objectives.
MOTIVATION FUNCTION
communication provides information needed in decision making.
INFORMATION FUNCTION
Communication that takes place through facial expressions, body movements, eye contact, and otherphysical gesture
Non-Verbal Communication
Include memos, notice-boards, and letters to staff, emails, faxes, internal newspapers, and instantmessaging.
WRITTEN COMMUNICATIN
Is a major means of sending messages
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
refers to anything that disrupts communication, including the attitude and emotions of the receiver
THE NOISE
refers to the circumstances in which messages are transmitted and received.
The Environment
the process of communicating how one feels about something another person has done or said
THE FEEDBACK
the person receiving a message. He must be able to interpret and understand the message.
The Receiver
two types of channel
formal and informal.
is the medium through which the message travels.
THE CHANNEL
is a purpose or an idea to be conveyed in a communication event.
THE MESSAGE
is a person who makes the attempt to send a message which could be spoken, written, in sign language,or nonverbal to another person or a group of persons.
The Communication Source or Sender
7 Components of an Effective Communication
● Sender
● Message
● Channel
● Receiver
● Feedback
● Environment
● Noise
the transfer of information including feelings, and ideas from one person to another.
COMMUNICATION