Chapter 5
Making repetitive vowel sounds
Cooing
Innate language processor, theorized by Chomsky, that contains the basic grammatical structure of all human language
Language acquisition device
Theorists who argue that language development is a subprocess of general cognitive development & is influenced by internal & external factors
Interactionists
Comprehension of spoken language
Receptive language
Piaget's phrase to describe the receptive actions in substage 3 of the Sensorimotor period; the actions are oriented around external objects
Secondary circular reactions
A research strategy where researchers move an object in 1 way after having taught an infant to expect it to move in another
Violation of expectancy
Piaget's phase to describe a babys simple repetitive actions in substage 2 of the sensorimotor stage; the actions are organized around the baby's body
primary circular reactions
Simple 2 or 3 word sentences that usually include a noun and a Verb
Telegraphic sentences
Deliberate experimentation with variations of previous actions that occurs in substage 5 of the sensorimotor period
Tertiary circular reactions
Grammatical markers attached to words to indicate tense, gender, number , such as the use of the ending - ed to mark the past tense of a verb in English
Inflections
Ability to use sounds, signs, symbols to communicate meaning
Expressive language
Combinations of gestures & single words that convey more meaning than just the word alone
Holophrases
Words with high level of meaning, nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
Lexical words
Purposeful behavior carried out in pursuit of a specific goal
Means -end behavior
Simplified, higher pitch speech that adults use with infants
Infant directed speech
Imitation that occurs in the abscence of the model who first demonstrated it (child observes parent doing an action, baby later on does this action)
Deferred imitation
The repetitive vocalizing of consonant - vowel combinations by an infant
Babbling
The understanding that objects continue to exist when they can't be seen
object permanence
Piaget's first stage of development in which infants use information from their senses and motor actions to learn about the world
sensorimotor stage
organization of experiences into expectancies, called schemas, which enable infants to distinguish between familiar & unfamiliar stimuli
Schematic learning
Period when toddlers experience rapid vocabulary growth, typically beginning between 16 & 14 months
Naming explosion
process where infant differentiates & recognizes distinct objects based on her mental images of objects in the environment
Object individuation
An infants understanding of the nature of objects and how they behave
object concept