Civics Chapter 10 Judicial Branch
what should be the main goal of courts
to provide equality under the law
what is essential for our free nation
equal justice
what is carved in the Supreme Court building
"Equal Justice Under Law"
laws should ---- our rights
protect
laws take away a portion of our ----- in order for ------ and other reasons
freedom, safety
laws usually represend what the ----- of us believe to be ----- and ------
majority, right, wrong
as ----- changes, the laws ------ the changes
society, reflect
what is a responsibility as American citizens?
to know the laws
laws passed down by a lawmaking body
statutory
law based on the decisions of judges (common sense and common practice)
common law
earlier decisions by judges on similar cases that impact their cases
precedents
in time what law becomes a statutory law?
common law
regulations made by government agencies
administrative law
supreme law of the US
constitutional law
what type of law prevails over all other law
constitutional law
courts help to settle ----
disputes
for a court to work properly ------
the law must be enforced fairly
those who deserve to be punished are punished and those who don't are set free
justice
two court systems
federal and state
what act was passed in 1789
Judiciary Act
what did the judiciary act of 1789 do
made one of the greatest court systems in the world and formed the majority of the 3rd branch of government
the authority to interpret and administer the law in a given area
jurisdiction
what is one example of a crime that can land someone in federal court
federal tax evasion
kfcc disobeying the ----- and the ------
constitution, amendments
kfcc violation of a ------
treaty
kfcc breaking laws passed by -------
congress
kfcc when a foreign nation ---- the us government or a us citizen
sues
kfcc ----- or ---- are tried in federal courts if they break the law of the ---- they are stationed
ambassadors, consuls, nation
kfcc crimes commited on American ----- at sea
ships
kfcc crimes commited on certain ----------- -------
federal property
kfcc disagreements against the ------ except the ---- -----
state, 11th amendment
kfcc lawsuits between --- of ----- states
citizens, different
authority to hear cases first
original jurisdiction
authority to hear appeals first
appellate jurisdiction
how many district courts are in each state
at least one
some larger states have as many as -- district courts
4
how many district courts exist today
94
what type of court is the only Federal Court to use juries?
us district court
how many judges does a district court have
one
how long are judges appointed for in district court
for life
arrest the accused for breaking Federal Law and deliver subpoenas
marshal
official court orders which require someone to appear in court
subpoenas
hears evidence against the accused and decides whether the case should be brought before a grand jury
magistrate
lawyer for the federal government
us attorney
what other kinds of cases does the court of appeals review
cases from the federal regulatory agency
how many middle level courts exist
13
what area does a court of appeals cover
a large judicial district
how many panels of judges does a court of appeals have
3
senior judge
chief judge
what kind of vote is used for a court of appeals
majority vote
how many justices does a panel have in supreme court?
9
supreme court has original jurisdiction in 3 areas:
diplomatic representatives, disputes between states, state and federal gov cases
any other federal courts are set up by
congress
hears cases involving money and the federal gov
us claims courts
cases involving tariffs
us court of international trade
brings justice to those people in us territories
territorial courts
hears appeals from taxpayers who disagree with the irs
us tax court
court of people in the military who are accused of breaking the law
court of military appeals
how many judges does the court of military appeals have
3
congress cannot -----a judges salary during their term
lower
which court is the only court established by the constitution
supreme court
who was the first african american to serve as a federal judge/ justice
thurgood marshall
who is our chief justice
john roberts
before judicial review can happen what has to happen
someone has to challenge a law
who was judicial review established by
john marshall
written statement of their argument that explains main pts
brief
supreme court session
furst mon in oct- june of the following year
judges who agree with the decision in supreme court but have different opinions can write
concurring opinions
judges who disagree with the opinion can write
dissenting opinions
when judges play an active role in policy making
judicial activism
an effort by judges to leave policy making to the other 2 branches
judicial restraint