Africanna Studies: 25th Dynasty I
When was the Third Intermediate Period ?
1080 B.C. to 664 B.C.
This Dynastic Period in Egypt 🇪🇬 was characterized by the Kushitic Rules during the Third Intermediate Period ( circa 1080 B.C. - 664 B.C. ) It is known by an alternative appellation : the Nubian Dynasty . ; the Kushite Empire ; the Black Pharaoh ; and the Napatan as an eponymous allusion to its initial capital , Napata . The subsequent seat of assembly was held at Memphis . The enthroned Pharaoh held tenaciously to the portable legacy of Monarchical governance beginning with the founder Piye ( reigned 744 B.C. - 712 B.C. ) and ending with Tantumani ( r. 664 B.C. 656 B.C. ) The observed religion had a strong polytheistic base : Deities , Amun , Osiris , ans Ma'at ( its cosmic order ) . The Cultural Renaissance proliferated Temples . Linguistics embraced both : Meroitic & Egyptian branches . This Dynastic Empire marked as the final engine of the Third Intermediate Period .
25th Dynasty of Egypt 🇪🇬
The Terminus of the Pharisees Egypt 🇪🇬 began after the Byzantine Roman's Conquest of Egypt. When did this happen ?
30 B.C.
Where is Pharaoh Pianhki's Mortuary located ?
El Kurru in Sudan
An opague colored glazed earthenware . Its French etymology is derived from Italian ' Faenza ' .
Faience
This geographical zone of Thebaid region comprised of 13 Southernmost Nomes in Ancient Upper Egypt 🇪🇬. It diffused from Abydos to Aswan . This area came under Pharaoh Kashta's control during the dawn of the 8th Century B.C.
Thebais
A System of rule and government in which there is only one singular ruler , an Autocract , whose power is unlimited. The titulary is composite of King , Prince , and other Monarch .
Monarchy
Where did the 25th Dynasty of Egypt 🇪🇬 originate from that brought about a succession of Nubian Pharaohs ?
Northern Sudan 🇸🇩 & Upper Egypt 🇪🇬
A carved stone slab bearing the inscription of Kings or other luminaries . Such stone is a pillar . The Latin Etymology is ' stela ' while the Greek lexicon is ' Stele ' . The derivative are akin to the Higher German , ' Stollo Pillar ' .
Stela
A Charnel compartment or Sepulcher ( sepulchre ) , namely a Tomb . This Stone coffin in Latin Etymology is ' Lapis Sarcophagus ' meaning "... kind of stone with caustic properties used for coffins.." Various Synonyms entail bier , casket , and pall. The operational plural form is Sarcophagi .
Sarcophagus
An Archaeological artifact depicting Amenirdis I , the Divine Adoratrice of Amun . It is an amulet with impressively engraved inscription. Many Egyptologists , Historians , and Archaelogists engage in Analytical deciphering of this Ancient Wonder of Nubia .
Scarab
The emergence of this Egyptian Pantheon of God transplanted and diffused throughout Nubia amidst the 25th Dynasty. This once served as the principal God of Napata . There is a plausible origin to Gebel Barkal in Northern Sudan . 🇸🇩. The Greek Mythology perceives this Egyptian Deity as an equivalence of their God , Zeus .
Amen - Ra
She was one of the genealogical issuance of Pharaoh Kashta and Queen Pebatjma who originated from the Kingdom of Kush . Her regnant father installed her as the God's Wife of Amun . Subsequently , Shepenutupet I , the Divine Adoratrice of Amun , adopted her for the purpose of Priestess recruitment . This adopted & evolved High Priestess ruled the Temple of Worship between 714 B.C. to 700 B.C. during the reigns of Pharaohs Shabaka & Shabataka . She herself pursued adoption of Pianhki's daughter as her successor . During her lifetime , she officiated in these capacities as Divine Adoratrice of Amun and God's Hand. Her Burial transpired at Medinet Habu . Who was she ?
Amenirdis I
It is a major Ancient Egyptian Deity that had membership with the Hermopolitan Ogdoad . The origin of the Deity commenced in the Old Kingdom . The wife of the Deity was Amunet . During Mentuhotep II's reign of the 11th Dynasty , this pantheon of God garnered religious significance . It rose to a Higher stature as Patron Deity of the Thebes . The Deity was honored as a special protector , guardian , and supporter of the devout worshippers . It supplanted ' Montu ' .
Amun
The Ancient titulary is Second to God's Wife of Amun . The nominated Nubian African women served as Chief Priestess of Ancient Egyptian Deity Amun . During the First Millennium B.C. , these Nubian Noiress as Priestess held the incumbent office holder position . Individually , she brokered the Ancient Egyptian mercantilism via viable control of the economy . On the political landscape , she weighed in her judgment anent the Pharaoh's Transfer of Power. She ruled over the Temple duties and domain . Historical data made allusion to Shepenutupet I, Amenirdis I , and Nitiqret as purely dark skinned African women serving in this titular role . What was this honorable title ?
Divine Adoratrice of Amun
This island coaxing the Nile is a City of Aswan in Upper Egypt 🇪🇬. The Monumental Stele of Victory , as dedicated to Pharaoh Pianhki , graced the soliterraneous isle . This archaeological site is designated as UNESCO World Heritage site as of 1979 .
Elephantine
Pharaoh Kashta's Stelae abound in Elephantine of neoteric Aswan . The Temple is dedicated to THIS Egyptian Deity . According to the Egyptian Mythology , the romanticized ' Khnemu Khnemu ' personified as a God attesting to Pharaoh Kashta's territorial control of Thebais . It was the earliest known spiritual force as the Egyptian Deity and served as a God of a source of the Nile , particularly , its ecological blessing of Annual Nile flooding . Silt and Kaolin were the byproducts of civilization. This Deity as a Potter's Wheel Creator brought forth the issuance of life : the children's bodies as implanted in the mother's womb . It had arisen as an exemplar for other Egyptian Deities . The alternative appellation ( nomenclature) of this Deity is "...Divine Potter .." & "... Lord of the created things from Himself .." Identify this Mythological Deity.
Khnum
The amplitude of territorial acquisition uniquely defined the 25th Dynasty of Egypt 🇪🇬. This Empire evoked for the Reunification of What 3 geozones that made its Dynasty as the largest Egyptian Empire ?
Lower , Upper , and Kush
Contemporary Lower Egypt 🇪🇬 embodies two conduits and channels slicing through the Nile Delta of the Nile River . Identify them .
Mahmoudiya Canal & Muways Canal
This Burial site for the Divine Adoratrice of Amun is located at Theban Hills on the West Bank of the River Nile. It overlooks the Neoteric metropolis of Luxor in Egypt 🇪🇬. It has a contemporary association with Ramesses III's Mortuary . Again , it houses the obscure Chapels of these African Priestesses : Amenirdis I , Shepenutupet I , and Nitiqret.
Medinet Habu
This Ancient Metropolis of Kush sat astride the Fourth Cataract of the Nile . It was juxtaposed to Karima , Sudan 🇸🇩 du jour . It rosr as a Southermost permanent settlement in the New Kingdom of Egypt 🇪🇬. The vicinity consisted of the Jebel Bakal as the Kushites Cult Center . It resonated as a primordial çapital of Ançient 25th Dynasty for all Napatans until its collapse in 663 B.C. The first recorded sacking was perpetuated by the Egyptian in 593 B.C. that spurred the Kushite's migratory relocation to Meroe . The Roman in 23 B.C. repeated the Egyptian 6th Century B.C. defiance . Nonetheless , this Metropolis thrived continuosly as an Amun Cult Center .
Napata
Its denotative suggestion is a forced payments by the defeated ruler or vanquished nation to the victorious nation. It serves as an acknowledgement of its concession and submission . This concept is inclusive of protection and security in some instances . The adjectival form is tributary . What is the noun version ?
Tribute
This General & his Cavalry amidst the crepuscular hours drew upon his miltaristic algorithm of ambush and siege of Napata , the ancient Metropolis and capital of Kush . His Molitia advanced the rest of Egypt 🇪🇬 , which led to his territorial conquest . As per the Stele of Victory, the Hieroglyphic inscription annunciated him as both , "...Son of Re ..." ( Ruler of Lower Egypt ) and "... Beloved of Amun .." ( Ruler of Upper Egypt ) . This double kingship accelerated hos meteoric rise as the 1st African Theban Pharaoh & founder of the 25th Dynasty of Egypt. He reigned from 744 B.C. to 712 B.C.
Pharaoh Pianhki ( Pianhky or Piye )
It is an adjectival form for an artificial hillock or mound as placed over the decedent's corpse . Of barrow that is a colossal mound of either stones , or earth over the dead body . Contextual usage: The __?__ tombs of El Kurru of Ancient Egypt 🇪🇬 contain 4 burials : Pharaohs Kashta , Pianhki , Shabaka , and Tanutamani .
Tumulus
Pharaoh Kashta assumed the prenomen , Nimaatre , as derived from the Egyptian Deity "...Khnum..." He territorially acquired Thebais , which spanned between the 3rd and 4th cataracts of the River Nile . The riverine transverse between Khartoum and Aswan. The ecosystem issued forth annual deluge of the Nile River and its corollary and argillaceous Kaolin and silt . He is known for the Egyptianization of the governed denizens in tradition , culture , and religion . His own Burial is situated at the Pyramid of El Kurru . What type of Sarcophagus ( Tomb ) was used .
Tumulus Tomb
In the wake of Ashurbanipal's ruthless invasion of Egypt 🇪🇬 , Taharqa was in retreat and escapade for 4 years until his timely death . Nuri as a Metropolis eas the site of his Mortuary pyramid . Its Rupestrian cut tomb of the neoteric Sudan 🇸🇩 sits along the West side of the Nile and near the 4th cataract . It is approximately 15 km North of Sanam and 10 km from Gebel Barkal. The Burial accoutrements as per Archaeological find embellished an inlaid of 1070 shabits of Kaleidoscopic gemstones : Ankerite , Chalcecedony , Granite , and Alabaster . When was Pharaoh Taharqa buried ?
664 B.C.
This once brave ' Tearco Aethiopian ' in all translation was a notanle Conqueror amid the 25th Dynasty. As the son & primogeniture of Pharaoh of Pharaoh Pianhki, he assumed the titulary. Kushitic Qore of Napata . His veritable reign from 690 B.C. to 664 B.C. ceas supported by the serapeum stele . The inscription attested to his annunciated accession to power . "...I received the Crown in Memphis after the Falcon flew to heavens ..." His Autarchy based polity reflected centralization of governance . The ecosystem enhanced sustainable Nile flood . This culminated into economic prosperity , cultivar surfeits , & oenology ( winery ) . This Pharaoh pledged a largess of gold to the Temple of Amun @ Kawa . Pharaonic Aesthetics as dominant motif revived . His International diplomacy descended into escalated war with Assyria . He built his Mortuary in Nuri .
Taharqa
In Law , the right of the Eldest son to inherit the estate of one or both parents ; the 1st born or the eldest . The Latin Etymology is ' primogenitura ' .
Primogeniture
Around 706 B.C. , this 25th Dynasty Pharaoh consolidated his political power over the entire Nile Valley under the Empire of Kush . He imposed a death penalty of live burning for the 24th Saia Dynasty King , Bucchorus . His crime was resistance to the Egyptian Pharaoh's edict . In 712 B.C. , he launched the extradition of Rahel Iamani of Ashdod to Assyrian in handcuff . This Pharaoh transferred the Capital to Memphis and restored the Egyptian Monuments and Temples .
Pharaoh Shabaka
This Shabago represents a relic as an incised gemstone with Egyptian religious text . Its utility began during the 25th Dynasty of Egypt 🇪🇬. Over time , it converted into millstone that caused erosion and alteration of the original Egyptian Hieroglyphics. Hence , the name is eponymous.
Shabaka Stone
This 8th Century B.C Pharaoh ruled the Kushitic Dynasty of Ancient Nubia. His immediate predecessors and successors , respectively , included King Alara and Pharaoh Pianhki. The assigned nomenclature of his was " K3st3 " meant the ' The Kushitic ' . He and his wife , Queen Pebatjma, brought forth the issuance of the presumed sons of Pianhki and Shabaka & the genealogical daughters of Amenirdis I and Neferukaka . Who was he ?
Pharaoh Kashta