Education Revision (CLASS, GENDER AND ETHNICITY)
CLASS - Material Deprivation or capital
The inability to afford basic resources and services such as sufficient food and heating.
CLASS - Cultural Deprivation or capital
When a person has inferior norms, values, skills and knowledge.
CLASS - External factors effecting achievement
Material and cultural deprivation
CLASS - Internal factors effecting achievement
Streaming and subcultures
CLASS - Streaming
Ideal students are middle class and streamed higher. Working class are visually streamed lower.
CLASS - Subcultures
M.C - superior to peers, pro-scool subcultures.
W.C - against norms and values, anti- school, gain status elsewhere.
CLASS (Subcultures) - Paul Willis
Learning to labour - study of W.C boys. Socialisation puts w.c boys into w.c jobs. "Lads" rebelled against values of school, culture of opposition, preparing and waiting for w.c employment.
CLASS (Subcultures - Louise Archer
Nike Identities - branded wear by students, desire to be cool. Alternate status they were denied in academic performance.
GENDER - External factors effecting achievement
Socialisation, Careers and education, Changes in family structure
GENDER - Socialisation
Nature and nurture, gap between male and female achievement. Internalised norms of society.
GENDER - Careers and education
Equal pay act 2010 protects from discrimination. Careers are more common for women now.
GENDER (Careers) - Sue Sharpe
Interviewed girls to show change of attitudes towards education, work and marriage. Girls are more confident, assertive and ambitious now.
GENDER - changes in family structure.
Acceptance of non-traditional family. Change of gender roles. Single parent, same sex couples, blended families. Flexible families.
GENDER - Internal factors effecting achievement
Feminised teaching, Policies encouraging women towards male careers, Quality of girls interaction with teachers.
GENDER - Feminised teaching
Coursework introduced to favour girls, exams to favour boys. Rise of female teachers - role models
GENDER - Policies getting women into male careers
GIST in 80s for science and tech. Followed by WISE for women in STEM.
GENDER - quality of interaction with teachers
Swann and Graddol - teachers see boys as disruptive and spend time telling them off rather then helping them. Teachers interact better with girls.
ETHNICITY - external factors effecting achievement
Linguistic skills, Family structure, attitudes and values, material deprivation
ETHNICITY - Linguistic skills
First language isnt English or use informal english.
ETHNICITY - Englemann
Linguistic skills - Black Carribean langage is ungrammatical.
ETHNICITY - Family structure.
Lone parent for black ethnicity. Lone mother means boys lack role models.
ETHNICITY - attitudes and values
Some say black pupils have negative outlook on life, want immediate gratification and are limited longterm.
ETHNICITY - Material deprivation.
Minority groups havr racism in wider society so struggle getting jobs, and are low paid or unemployed, impacting childs opportunity.
ETHNICITY - Internal factors effecting achievement.
Labelling (black pupils and asian), Subcultures, ethnocentric curriculum
ETHNICITY - Labelling of black pupils
Gilbourn found teachers had racialised expectations of them and expected behaviour problems and saw them as threatening. Blacks punished for same as whites. Fuller - black girls found positive self image by rejecting stereotype and valued education.
ETHNICITY - Labelling of Asian pupils
Wright found different stereotype - teacher used simple language and assumed they spoke poor english. Frustrated when pupils couldnt pronounce their names.
ETHNICITY - Subcultures
4 types. Conformists - accepted goals. Innovators - pro education, anti school. Retreatists - disconnect from school and subcultures. Rebels - "matcho black lad" rejecting all school goals.
ETHNICITY - Ethnocentric curriculum
British Curriculum prioritises white culture and English language. All holidays are based on the Christian calander and history classes learn about white leaders.