PSE exam
Cognitive appraisal
Provides an evolution of events and objects
Bodily symptoms
Physiological component of emotional experience
Action tendencies
The preparation and direction of motor responses
Expression
Facial and vocal expression accompanies an emotional state to communicate reaction and intention
Feelings
The subjective experience of emotional state once it has occurred
Similarity
Human eye builds relationship between similar objects
Proximity
We group elements that are in the same closed region
Continuity
We are more likely to see continuous smooth flowing lines
Closure
Human eye prefers to see complete shapes
Symmetry
Makes images easier to process
Common fate
Objects that move together in the same direction
Ambiguity
the quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
Neumorphism
When an object is raised/sunken
Data compression, activated in the dark, helps perceive light/dark, levels
Rods
Color detection, RGB, best in ideal circumstances
Cons
After image effect
Light energy is so strong it overstimulates photoreceptor cells and they continue to fire after the image
Paleness, size, separation
Factors affecting ability to distinguish colors
Nino's extinction illusion
Seeing dots only by looking directly at them
Saccadic eye movement
Due to limited scope of vision foveal spotlight moves over scenes subconciously
Peripheric vision
Fast forward patrol which guides our fovea
Peripheral POP
Grabs the attention of the user by the fast-forward patrol and guides the foveal spotlight towards it
Feature-driven bottom-up context-free reading
Identifying features - combining them into complex features
Top-down context-driven reading
Detecting whole sentences or gist - zooms into details, less proficient readers!
Facilitating bottom-up
Large fonts, minimal visual noise, avoid bad color combinations
Facilitating top-down
Avoid geek-speak, don't center text, don't bury info
Working memory
The information we are constantly aware of, gateway to long term, limited capacity, movement, threats, faces, sex
Frontal cerebral cortex
Executive brain functions
Change blindness
When stimulus undergoes a change without being noticed by observer
Inattentional blindness
When someone fails to perceive an unexpected stimulus in plain sight
Confirmation bias
Tendency to search for information in a way that confirms one's beliefs
Long-term memory
Error-prone, weighed by emotion
Familiar paths
People are willing to type more to think less
Human action cycle
Form a goal - choose actions to accomplish - execute - evaluate - repeat
Recognition
easy, new perception is very similar to original, reactivates patterns
Recall
Hard, neural pattern reactivation without the original stimulus
Anchoring effect
Tendency for a person to rely on first piece of information when making decisions
Framing effect
Decisions influenced by the way their presented (gain/loss)
Risk aversion
Gias towards safety
Status quo bias
Preference for current state of affairs more than new
Scarcity bias
Assume things that are scarce are valuable - book now, last chance
Sunk cost fallacy
People are reluctant to abandon something they've invested their time in even if abandonment would be beneficial
Ikea effect
People like to justify their efforts
Old brain
Regulates autonomic behaviour, hunger thirst sexual behaviour, involved in emotions, perception and memory
New brain
Formation of long-term memories, recent in evolution, controls opposite sides of body
Fitt's law
Model of human movement, applied to interface design
Steering law
Predicts the time necessary to steer a painter through a bounded tunnel (drop-down, pull-right, sliders, scrollbars, drag drop menus)
Responsiveness
How well interactive systems synchronize with human time requirements
Performance
How quickly it completes a task and displays the final results
Mistakes
Intentional, incorrect understanding of choices or options
Slips
Unintended errors, due to loss of attention, limits of working memory
Capture slips
Old phone number as used to writing the old one instead of new
Description slips
Right action, wrong object, PC/MAC
Data-driven slips
External data interferes (ads)
Loss-of-activation slip
Task lost from working-memory (going to kitchen forgetting why you went)
Closure slip
Final step forgotten (forget to log out)
Mode slip
Video more instead of photo
Attention slip
Overlooking information (single room instead of double)
Motor slip
Hands, fingers don't do what you want (wrong word in text bar)
Repeated perception of an event
Habituation
Fourfold pattern
Predict's user's behaviour in risky situations