study to pass
What is the term for a language with a lexical base primarily from a European language but a grammar that is non-European?
Creole
What is the primary purpose of identifying and addressing plagiarism in research?
To promote ethical use of information
A dialect that is generally used for education and other formal purposes is known as:
Standard language
List two types of support components used with organizational strategies.
Historical data, direct quotations, examples or illustrations, authoritative or expert sources, statistical data, testimonials, anecdotes, analogy
Which mode of delivery involves speaking without notes or a script, often spontaneously?
Impromptu
Identify two types of organizational strategies used in discourse.
Cause and effect, classification, comparison and contrast, chronology, topical, ascending and descending order, simple listing, numbered listing
Which of the following defines language as symbolic?
It uses arbitrary signs and sounds.
Identify two benefits of conducting peer-evaluation when editing drafts.
Gain fresh perspectives, identify errors easily, improve writing quality, learn from others' mistakes, receive constructive feedback
Which of the following is an example of an idiomatic expression from Caribbean Creole?
Cut your eye
Which element of the communication process involves the sender translating their thoughts into a message?
Encoding
Which mode of listening focuses on identifying and evaluating a writer's purpose, techniques, and ideas?
Critical listening
In the phonology of English-based Creoles, what happens to many consonant clusters?
They are reduced.
An article or document written by the actual researcher of a study is known as what type of source?
Primary source
What are two challenges faced by Creole-speaking students in learning Standard English?
English taught as if first language, prejudice against Creole speakers, negative attitudes and stereotypes, confusion from similarities and overlaps, belief they are speaking English, lack of sufficient models, fear of making mistakes
List two common logical fallacies.
Bandwagon appeal, hasty generalization, false analogy, faulty causation (post hoc), begging the question, red herring, strawman, either/or fallacy
What is the term for an unfair preference for or against an idea, person, place, or thing despite evidence to the contrary?
Bias
What is the term for presenting research findings in a visual format, such as charts or diagrams?
Graphic form
What are two factors that can intentionally influence audience response?
Misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, fake news, fallacies of reasoning, conspiracy theories, false flag, deepfake, big lie, gaslighting
What are two characteristics of traditional media?
Limited or no interactions, centralised structure and authority, general audience
Which of the following roles of language in Caribbean identity relates to dividing social groups?
Demarcation of social communities
Which of the following describes a situation where an individual uses technology to spread false information intentionally?
Disinformation
In English-based Creoles, which feature involves the use of 'a' or null preposition interchangeably for 'to' and 'at'?
Prepositions
Which of these is considered an indigenous language of the Caribbean Archipelago?
Garifuna
Which aspect of ICT's impact on communication can lead to intellectual indolence?
Information overload
When evaluating sources, which criterion refers to the timeliness of the information?
Currency
Identify two criteria for evaluating communication.
Conceptualization, intention, audience awareness, encoding, context, norms and forms of interaction, coherence, mechanics, depth
Identify two types of non-verbal communication.
Body language (kinesics), use of space (proxemics), use of time (chronemics), use of objects (artefacts), use of senses, graphics (charts, tables, diagrams, models)
The ability to understand and respond appropriately to various forms of communication is termed as what skill?
Comprehension
What is the term for the process of determining whether information is fact or opinion?
Critical evaluation
Identify two positive impacts of technological advances on communication.
Speed of dissemination, access, production volume, lower cost (sometimes)
What term describes the addition of one or more sounds in a word, like 'Simith' for 'Smith'?
Epenthesis
Which rhetorical appeal aims to persuade an audience by invoking their emotions?
Pathos
State two ways language can reveal attitudes to language in human societies.
Pride, shame, comfort and confidence, shyness, disappointment and anger, indifference
A literary genre that includes short stories and novels is classified as:
Literary
Name two literary techniques that affect the communication of a message.
Euphemism, hyperbole, sarcasm, irony, oxymoron, paradox, pun, allusion, allegory, metaphor, simile, personification, synecdoche, pathetic fallacy, onomatopoeia, assonance, alliteration
What is the term for the levels of formality and range of language use in relation to a communication context?
Register
What is the phonetic process where an unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word is gradually lost, like 'spector' for 'inspector'?
Colloquial aphesis
What is the term for a hostile action designed to appear as if perpetrated by someone other than the actual person or group responsible?
False flag
What is the term for a specific form of a language used in response to various social, geographic, or occupational influences?
Language variety
What is the final stage of the writing process where errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation are corrected?
Proofreading
Which of the following is NOT an element of grammar and mechanics in oral and written expression?
Anecdotes
Name two contexts of communication.
Intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, organisational, academic, public, intercultural
What is the phenomenon in English-based Creoles where the verb 'to be' is often omitted?
Zero copula structure
What is the term for a gross distortion or misrepresentation of facts, often used as propaganda?
Big lie
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes new media from traditional media?
Targeted audience
Identify two characteristics of language.
Symbolic, systematic, maturational, non-instinctive, dynamic
What term refers to the appropriate tone, rhythm, and clarity in speech?
Enunciation
List two developments in communication technology.
Printed material (books, letters, newspapers, memos); Telegram, telephone, facsimile, pager, radio, television; Computer, cellular phone, tablets, phablet; New media devices and platforms (satellite radio, smart television, smart phones, tele/video-conferencing, Internet, browsers and search engines), digital and social networking tools (YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, TikTok)
Which data collection method involves directly observing and recording behavior using schedules or checklists?
Observation
List two elements involved in the process of communication.
Sender/encoder, message, channel/medium, receiver/decoder, feedback
What is the prewriting technique that involves freely generating ideas and trying to exhaust a topic?
Brainstorming
What level of comprehension involves understanding the explicit information presented in a text?
Literal comprehension
What are two components of 'vocalics' in paralinguistic communication?
Pitch, volume, intonation, tone of voice, rate of speech, pauses
What is the term for a language that serves as a lingua franca for people whose native languages are different?
International language
When assessing the credibility of information, what does 'ethos' refer to?
Appeal to credibility
What characteristic of new media allows for many users to contribute and share information?
Networked
What is the process of extracting the main points from spoken or written material?
Summarizing
Name two purposes of language.
Persuading, questioning, directing, providing aesthetic pleasure, informing
Which function of paralinguistic and non-verbal communication helps to establish the nature of the relationship between communicators?
Establishing relationship
What type of listening involves evaluating the content and form of a message?
Critical listening