How arganisms obtain energy
The interconversion between ATP and ADP involves the addition or removal of a:
Phosphate group
Which of these phrases accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?
Entropy increases
In living organisms, energy primarily flows from:
Autotrophs to heterotrophs
Organisms that use inorganic substances, such as hydrogen sulfide, as an energy source are classified as:
Chemoautotrophs
All the chemical reactions that take place within a cell are collectively termed its:
Metabolism
An autotroph is an organism that obtains the energy it needs by:
Making its own food
A heterotroph is an organism that obtains the energy it needs by:
Obtaining it from others
What is the name of the molecule formed when ADP loses an additional phosphate group?
Adenosine monophosphate
Pathways that use energy to build larger molecules from smaller molecules are called:
Anabolic pathways
According to the second law of thermodynamics, all energy conversions involve some loss of:
Usable energy
ATP is composed of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and how many phosphate groups?
Three
Organisms that convert light energy from the Sun into chemical energy are known as:
Photoautotrophs
When energy is released from ATP, which bond typically breaks?
Between the second and third phosphates
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or:
Destroyed
The measure of disorder or unusable energy within a system is specifically referred to as:
Entropy
Cellular respiration is an example of which type of metabolic pathway?
A catabolic pathway
In food chains, the amount of usable energy available to the next trophic level generally:
Substantially decreases
Cellular respiration breaks down organic molecules to release energy, primarily utilizing:
Oxygen
The study of the flow and transformation of energy throughout the universe is called:
Thermodynamics
The most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy for cellular activities is:
Adenosine triphosphate
Photosynthesis is an example of which type of metabolic pathway?
An anabolic pathway
Pathways that release energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules are called:
Catabolic pathways
When ADP receives a phosphate group and becomes ATP, what type of energy is stored?
Chemical energy
Which of the following cellular activities requires energy?
Transmitting genetic data
A metabolic pathway is best defined as a series of chemical reactions where the product of one reaction becomes the:
Substrate for the next
In photosynthesis, light energy is converted into stored chemical energy by transforming carbon dioxide and water into sugars and:
Released oxygen
An example of energy conversion is when stored energy in food becomes what type of energy after eating?
Chemical energy
The citric acid cycle, later renamed the Krebs cycle, was discovered in 1937 by:
Hans Krebs
All organisms require energy for their life processes, with nearly all of it originating from the:
Sun
Which scientist first observed chloroplasts in plant cells in 1844, contributing to the understanding of cellular energy?
Hugo von Mohl