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Land Degradation
can be defined as the" the _______ or _______ lowering of the productive capacity of land (UNEP 1992b).
temporary, permanent
Waste products include ___________ wastes, such as food waste, leftover food by customers, kitchen food scraps, and spoiled food;
biodegradable
_____ Waste products that are not disposed of properly in designated areas turn into litter.
Solid
is caused by the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere.
AIR POLLUTION
from tourism can emanate from strong lights from airports, seaports, beach resorts and hotels, street light, and neon signage in entertainment districts.
LIGHT POLLUTION
from tourism may be generated by transportation (airplanes, trains, cars, and buses),road traffic, appliances (vacuum cleaners)and industrial equipment.
NOISE POLLUTION
includes roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well high-intensity sonar
NOISE POLLUTION
or the loss of aesthetic appeal is caused by the presence of eyesores, such as overhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining),open storage or trash or litter
VISUAL POLLUTION
is caused by discharging wastewater from commercial and industrial sources (intentionally or through spills) into surface water
WATER POLLUTION
An impact that has been observed in Boracay was beach by _____________ resort owners, abetted by beach setbacks that got smaller and smaller over the years.
encroachment
SPECIES REGENERATION
Infrastructure built for ______________ could actually be designed to enhance or create habitats for animals.
travel and tourism
DIRECT EFFECTS
are produced when tourists spend such _________ as accommodation, transportation, entertainment and attractions (WTTC 2015).
commodities
refer to spending by international tourists in a country
VISITOR EXPORTS
refer to longer-term macro-level effects, such as general enhancement skills within the economy, provision of better social services (health, education, security) and infrastructure (roads, airports, internet).
DYNAMIC EFFECTS
The ______ effect from tourism spending is dependent on how much money is retained in the host economy
multiplier
also determines the extent of economic impact.
Seasonality