Chapter 3
Branch - like protrusions from the Cell bodies of neurons
Dendrites
Any activity undertaken for the purpose of facilitating human reproduction - Health Canada
Assisted human reproduction (AHR)
Tail - like extensions of neurons
Axons
Baby between birth and 1 month of age
Neonate
Fluid-filled Sac in which the fetus floats until just before it is born
Amnion
Tiny spaces across which neural impulses flow from one neuron to the next
Synapses
Newborn weight below 2500 grams
Low birth weight
3rd stage of prenatal development, from week nine to birth, during which growth & organ refinement take place
Fetal stage
Ratio of weight to height that estimates healthy & unhealthy body composition
Body mass Index
Specialized Cells of the nervous system
Neurons
Cognitive & behavioral disorders that are associated with brain dysfunction such as autism, ADHD , dyslexia
Neurobehavioural disorders
Growth that proceeds from the middle of the body outward
proximodistal pattern
Agents that cause abnormal gene silencing or expression without changing the geonomic DNA
Epimutagens
Organ that connects the embryo to the placenta
Umbilical cord
Organ that allows substances to be transferred from mother to embryo and from embryo to mother without their blood mixing
Placenta
Single cell created when sperm & ovum unite
Zygote
movement of cells to their genetically predetermined destinations in the body
cell migration
Delivery of un infant through incisions in the abdominal & uterine walls
C-Section
chemical messengers that travel across the synapses & enable neurons to communicate with other neurons (other body cells also)
Neurotransmitte
Sex glands (ovaries and testes)
Gonads
Agents & conditions that can Cause congenital anomalies
teratogens
Incomplete brain development & smaller head circumference, can lead to neurological disorders (intellectual disabilities, delays in motor & sensory development)
Microcephally
part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and is the site of vital functions
Cell bodies
cells that unite at Conception (ova in females, sperm in males)
Gametes
First stage of prenatal development, beginning at Conception & ending at implantation approx 2 weeks
Germinal stage
Attatchment of the blastocyst to the Uterine Wall
Implantation
Agents that cause changes (mutations) in genomic DNA
Mutagons
Growth that proceeds from the head downward
Cephalocaudal pattern
Specialized cells in the brain that support neurons
Glial cells
2nd stage of prenatal development, from week 2 through week 8 during which the embryo's organ systems form
Embryonic stage
A disease in which poorly developed lungs of infants cause serious breathing difficulties
Respiratory distress syndrome
Increase in cell numbers by means of Cell growth & Cell division
Cell proliferation
An abnormality present at birth
Congenital anomaly
Process of organ development
Organogenesis
Ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb
Viability
Oxygen deprivation experienced by a fetus during labour and/or delivery
Anoxia
The use of cryoprotectants along with rapid cooling to prevent the fluid in biological tissues (eggs, semen, embryos) from forming ice crystals (glass shards on cell structures) and from dehydrating; the tissue becomes an intact, non crystalline, glass like solid that can be preserved for years
Vitrification
Preserving cells or tissues through a freezing process that stops all biological activity
Cryopreservation