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EARTH SCI - copy

"ordinary" matter consisting
of protons and neutrons

that comprises of atoms,

planets, stars, galaxies, and

other bodies.

Baryonic matter

• matter that has
gravity but does not

emit light.

Dark matter

a source of anti-gravity; a
force that counteracts

gravity and causes the

universe to expand.

Dark Energy

a nuclear fusion reaction
responsible for the energy

produced by stars.

Thermonuclear reaction

an early stage in the
formation of a star resulting

from the gravitational

collapse of gases.

Protostar

TRUE OR FALSE?
cosmic microwave background comprises all space and time, and all matter & energy in it.

TRUE

stars that fuse
hydrogen atoms to

form helium atoms

in their cores;

Main Sequence Star

TRUE OR FALSE?
Based on recent data, the universe is 13.8 billion years

old.

TRUE

the building block of galaxies born
out of clouds of gas and dust in galaxies.

Stars

TRUE OR FALSE
Hydrogen, helium, and Berlium are the

three most abundant elements.

FALSE
hydrogen, Helium and Lithium

who believed in many
gods and myths which narrate that

the world arose from an infinite sea

at the first rising of the sun.

Ancient Egyptians

what place has the narrative
that gods sacrificed Purusha,

the primal man whose head,

feet, eyes, and mind became

the sky, earth, sun, and moon

respectively

India

who tells
the story of a creator god Mbombo

(or Bumba) who, alone in a dark and

water-covered Earth, felt an intense

stomach pain and then vomited the

stars, sun, and moon.

Kuba people of Central Africa

a geocentric universe in which fixed,
spherical Earth is at the center surrounded by the

concentric celestial spheres of planets and stars and the

four classical elements of fire, air earth and water.

Aristotelian Universe

Proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus
cm. Such a model is called aheliocentric system.

Copernican Universe

Who proposed Copernican Universe

Nicolaus Copernicus

Proposed by Democritus and Leucippus The universe
was composed of very small indivisible and

indestructible building blocks known as atomos.

Atomic Universe

“ Static universe” described a static steady
state, infinite universe.

Newtonian Universe

“ The universe is static, dynamically stable universe”

Einstenian universe

Believed that the universe is like giant living body, with its
leading part being the stars and the sun, and all parts are

interconnected.

Stoic universe

Predicted a universe that expanded but did
not change its density.

Sir Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Sir Fred

Hoyle

Steady State universe

In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced his significant
discovery of the “redshift” and its interpretation that

galaxies are moving away from each other

Expanding Universe

what is the diameter of the universe

91 billion light years

matter was not present at beginning of time; there was only pure energy compressed in a single point called SINGULARITY

Big bang theory

size of singularity is increasing (period in a timeline)

inflationary epoch

more distinct and now has forces

formation of the universe

short range attractive force which binds the nucleus

strong force

electro magnetic

attractive or repulsive

short range and present in radio active decay

weak force

attractive force that pulls bodies in the center

gravitational force

enumerate the four basic forces

1. strong force
2. electro magnetic

3. weak force

4. gravitational force

enumerate where the singularity came from

inflationary epoch, formation of the universe, formation of the elements, radiation era, matter domination, birth of stars and galaxies

who created the big bang theory?

georges lemaitre (1927)

universe is made out of?

4.6% baryonic matter
24% cold dark matter

71.4% dark energy

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