any action intended to intefere with + stop / modify the course of the pathological process of a disease / disorder
in research design, an experimental manipulation
randomised controlled trial - intervention evaluation
comparison of the intervention to something else [no intervention / usual care / active intervention] to see whether it is better or worse in terms of patient outcome
public health england [ph campaign] launched in 2009
social marketing programme aimed at reducing childhood obesity
61% of adults + 28% children = obese
higher risk of type II diabetes, heart disease + [some] cancers
obesity related health problems cost the NHS more than 5 bill per year
encourage people to be more active, eat + drink healthier including calorie info on menus + food packaging [sugar tax]
hard to find control group that hasn't been exposed to the intervention
measuring key variables before + after implementation; but it's difficult to account for any potential cofounding factors
found increased awareness
little change in attitudes / behaviour
Croker et al (2012)
short term behaviour change found [ smart swaps]
may not be sustainable long term
Wrieden & Levy (2016)
pack with info on items containing fat + sugar + info on alternatives
form of an individual level intervention
form of CBT that focuses on behavioural aspects of a condition
used in the NHS [way of treating depression]
negative experience, emotional distress, avoidance, reduced opportunity for positive experience, problem persists
negative experience, emotional distress, positive coping strategy, increased opportunity for positive experiences, problem gets better
analysis of the person's problem
shared understanding + addressing of the 'problem'
what kind of behaviours that keep the person in the depressive cycle
shared identification of meaningful, goal oriented behaviours to break the cycle
clinical depression is a recurrent, debilitating condition
global prevalence of 16%
in the UK, annual costs of depression + anxiety are around 17 bill
COBRA et al
440 patients were randomised
all patients 18 years and above + clinical diagnosis of MDD
relatively equal numbers for both [221-BA + 219-CBT]
both groups followed up + assessed after 6, 12, 18 months
found no difference between the groups
they were equally effective
raises awareness + knowledge
improving people's health and wellbeing
influence behaviors and attitudes toward a health issue
demonstrate healthy practices + benefits of change
advocate a position on a health issue or policy
not taken seriously
eating disorders raise due to fixation on calories and weight
can't be funded
if it goes on for too long, could be repetitive and cause people to care less
its simpler inspection + cheaper
more direct / focused so change is more likely [harder to do at a large scale]
can be adapted to help individual specifically
time consuming
doctor to patient ratio [not cost effective]
not adaptive for idividuals with intellectual disability
doesn’t work for people with difficulties in communication [ autism]
educates parents with healthier snacks
healthy alternatives for sugary foods [visually appealing increases chance of success
use of fun activities to increase interactiveness [Disney characters]
lots of bright colours on website [psychologically brings about positive emotions]
launched in september 2002 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
aimed at increasing awareness among women about their risk of heart disease
traditional social marketing approach
the Red Dress as the national symbol for women and heart disease awareness
the campaign integrated a branding strategy into its social marketing framework
to develop and promote a women's heart disease brand that would create a strong emotional connection with women
partnership development
media relations
community action
+ generating its own substantial programming
became a catalyst for a host of other national and local educational initiatives
by the campaign's fifth anniversary, surveys showed that women were increasingly aware of heart disease as their leading cause of death