perilymph
organ of corti
basilar membrane
cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve
primary auditory cortex
adult: 20-20 000cps
child: 15- 30 000cps
300-3000
dB
anterior to the pinna
conduction and sensorineural
- dry wax in external auditory canal
- foreign objects in external auditory canal
- puncture or hardening of tympanic membrane
- inflammation of fluid in tympanic cavity
- otosclerosis of ossicles
- hardening of ligaments between ossicles
- age-related damage to hair cells
- age-related hardeing of basilar membrane
- gradual damage to hair cells from prolonged exposure of loud noises
- sudden damage to hair cells from breif exposure of loud souund
- brain damage
sest for sensorineural and conduction deafness
512
Vestibulo ocular reflex
increased production of carbon dioxide during exercise
equilibrium, visual cues, proprioception
maculae of saccule and utricle
horizontally
vertically
proprioception and vision
cristae ampullaris of semicircular ducts w/in semicircular canals
cupula
sinoatrial node
- LV contracts
- blood to aorta
- aorta expands to hold increased blood volume
- stand next to whiteboard
- locate jugular notch
-locate sternal angle (2 fingers below jugular notch) with left hand
- RA is 3cm below sternal angle
- mark spot on whiteboard
- raise right arm to observe veins and when they begin to drain, mark the distance
- Pv= (1.056 x distance mm)/ 13.6Hg
sphygmomanometer
closing of atrioventricular valves during ventricular systole
closing of semilunar valves at end of ventricular systole
cardiac impairment or loss of elasticity in arteries
temporal and facial arteries
auscultation
dyspnea
short rapid breathing
cheyne- stokes