Oscillations
Define "Simple Harmonic Motion(SHM)"
A type of oscillation causedby a force that repeatedly acts to restore a moving object to its equilibrium position
Define "Angular Frequency"
The rate of change of phase
1 complete pendlum oscillation is eqivalent to?
1 complete circle
Give trh formula for angular frequency
ω = 2πf
Give the formula for the acceleration of a pendlum
a = -ω²x
a = acceleration
ω = angular frequency
x = displacement
Where is acceleration greatest when a pendlum (bob) is oscillating
At either end of the oscillations
Define 'Free Oscillations'
Where an object is displaced from its equilibrium position & allowed to oscillate without any external forces
What is Natural Frequency?
The frequency of free oscillations
Define 'Periodic Driving Force'
A force oscillation (where the object vibrates at the frequency of the driving force)
What is Resonance?
Where the driving frequency matches the natural frequency of an object. Causing a big increase in amplitude
Under what condition can resonance only take place
When the Driving Frequency = Natural Frequency
What is damping?
The process of reducing oscillations
Describe Light Damping
- Amplitude decreases with time but the period is mostly unaffected
Describe heavy Damping
- Amplitude decreases rapidly & the period slightly increases
Describe critical damping
- There are no oscillations
- Once the displacement returns to zero, it stays at zero for the remaining time
Give the formula for displacement of the oscillation object from its amplitude
x = Acos(ωt)
Give the formula for displacement of the oscillation of an object, where the oscillations are timed from the point of equilibrium
x = Asin(ωt)
When doing x =Acos(ωt) what must you ensure
You work with radians (on calculator)
Give the formula for veloity of a simple harmonic oscillator
v = ±ω√(A²-x²)
Give the formula for max velocity of a simple harmonic oscillator
v = ωA
What does the acceleration against displacement graph of a simple harmonic oscillator look like?
Like a y = -x graph
Give the formula for SHM in a string
T = 2π√(l÷g)
Give the formula for SHM in a spring
T = 2π√(m÷k)
What must you use to mark where a springs oscillations start when determining the factors affecting SHM
A Fiducial marker