perception: intro
what is the process of perception
stimulus in the environment -> light reflected and focused -> receptor processes -> neural processing -> perception <=> recognition <=> action
what is vernon mountcastle say? 3 points
-we live as prisoners within our own minds
-the prisons project millions of fragile sensory nerve fibres in groups adapted to sample energetic state of the world
- heat, light force, chemical composition
in what way are we prisoners
our understanding is restricted by the sensitivity of our organs so there may be a difference between the physical world and our percieved
example of prisoners of our mind and perception limitation
cats and dogs can sense sounds at a higher frequency that humans
beginings of perception : evolution
for survival
the importance of types of energy in the evironment determims how senses are developed
do we sense the external world directly
no, the affects of our inferactions with the world is what has an affect on our nervous system
our senses do not take in the information all the world. what would happen if our nervouse system evolved into a different architecture
our perceptual differences might have a very different character
what does the eye as a cemera model state
the pupil is the pinhole that lets light through
what is infront of us is imaged upsidedown and backwards on our retina like a screen
what is the issue with the eye as a camera model
perception is more that the retinal image , it is adaptive , dependent on experiences, organisation if details is complex and there can always be false illusions
does what we percieve always line up
no our realities are often distorted as can be shown by geometric illusions
is structure and perception a choice
yes, organisational requrements affect how we percieve things so even though it can be difficult it is possibe to change ways we percieve things
what does our perception depend on and what is the example
experience e.g.language
what does heraclitus say
you cant step into the same river twice , with perception no two experiences are identical , the way we percieve events the first time changes subsequent events
define sensations and perception
sensation: receieving info from the environment , perception: interpreting sensory information
Berkeley (1685-1753) what did he study
way in which perception is limited by the information available to us through our eyes
Berkeley (1685-1753) what did he find
concluded that all of our knoledge about the world must come from experience no matter how limited the perception is
william james, what did he say
whilst part of what we percieve comes through our senses from objects before us another part always comes out of our own mind
what is illusion
perceptial departure from what can be measured , can be physiological and perceptual
what causes physiological illusions
tiring out or providing exessive stimulation different parts of the visual scene are processed sperately
what is the motion after effect
fatigue of direction (selective motion channels) - staring at something moving makes static images appear to move in opposite direction
what causes perceptual illusions
our 2D retinal images are ambiguous and there are an infinate number of configurations that can create the same retinal image so our perceptual system constructs most likey interpretation that could be false
does perception depend on quantities of the world or qualities
it depends on qualities of the perciever
the being a barbie experiment what is it?
aimed to see if our perception of objects depend on how we interact with them and would you perceieve distance or objects differently if you change the size if your body?
being a barbie experiment. what is the method
ppts lay down wearing HMDand experimenter touched ppts body and artificial body at same time
being a barbie experiment. what were the results?
when in tiny body they perceived objects as larger and further away , when larger they experiences them as smaller and closer
do we use one nostril or 2 experiment method
researchers had subjects follow a 33 foot trail of chocolate essence
-no vision
- no touch
-no audio
they had nose plugs where they use either one or bothe nostrils
what did the one nostril or 2 experiment find
they found that pots were twice as fast with both nostrils