DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The “blue print” of life
-it contains all the information needed for protein synthesis
o Proteins are vital to all functions and structures in organisms because these are:
-Components of body tissues
-Used in growth and cell repair
-Functional components of enzymes and hormones
-Can be source of energy
-DNA is found in the nucleus of every cell
-The very long DNA molecules are wrapped tightly around histones protein and coiled compactly to form chromosomes
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Chromosomes = _______________
DNA + histones
A normal human being has ___________ or __________ chromosomes
46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes
Male has the __ chromosomes
XY chromosomes
Female has the ___ chromosomes
XX chromosomes
-DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure that are coiled called a Double Helix. (Watson and Crick Model)
-A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called Nucleotides.
DNA Structure
DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure that are coiled called a __________. (Watson and Crick Model)
Double Helix
A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called ________
Nucleotides
Each nucleotide consists of:
1. Phosphate group
2. Pentose sugar
3. Nitrogenous base
Nitrogenous base:
Purines
Pyrimidines
Purines?
double ring
Pyrimidines?
single ring
Purines - double ring
- ______
- ______
-guanine
-adenine
Pyrimidines - single ring
- ______
- ______
-thymine
-cytosine
The _______ and ______ form the “backbone” of the DNA molecule, whereas the _____________ form the “steps”
or “rungs” of the ladder-like structure of the DNA.
-phosphate and sugar
-nitrogenous bases
The phosphate and sugar form the _______ of the DNA molecule, whereas the nitrogenous bases form the ______
or _____ of the ladder-like structure of the DNA.
- “backbone”
- “steps” or “rungs”
Each base will only form bonds with one other specific base
Complementary base pairing
Adenine (A) will only pair with ______ (__)
Thymine (T)
______ (__) will only pair with Thymine (T)
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C) will only pair with ______ (__)
Guanine (G)
______ (__) will only pair with Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
To crack the genetic code found in DNA we need to look at the sequence of bases. The bases are
arranged and “read” in triplets called _____.
codons
A ____ is a section of DNA that codes for a protein.
gene
It is these proteins and combination of proteins that give us a unique traits or _______
phenotype
During _________, DNA serves as a “template”.
Protein Synthesis
During Protein Synthesis, DNA serves as a “______”.
“template”.
The genetic information is _____________ in the messenger molecule, the mRNA, The mRNA will now carry the genetic “message” from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and it is ___________ in the Ribosomes to form the protein molecules.
-TRANSCRIPTED
-TRANSLATED
DNA > Transcription > Translation > Protein
In other words…
DNA > mRNA > Proteins
During Cell Division, the DNA is _______ or ________
replicated or duplicated
During ________, the DNA is replicated or duplicated
Cell Division
-the two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand.
-The result will be two DNAs, each DNA is composed of the original strand and the new complementary strand.
-This will ensure that all new cells will have the same copy of the original DNA.
Semi-conservative Replication