Communicable Disease - Communicable Disease
What are communicable diseases?
Diseases that can spread from one pathogen to another because they are caused by pathogen that can be transferred.
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause disease
What are viruses and what do they do?
They are small, acellular pathogen that live inside cells and replicate causing damage to the cell when they burst out. Can reproduce rapidly inside humans.
What is bacteria and what does it do?
They are prokaryotic cells that can reproduce rapidly in humans. Bacterial cells release toxins which cause damage to cells in the body
What are fungi and what do they do?
Grows on the surface of leaves or skin, feeding off living tissue
What are protists and what do they do?
Single-celled and often parasites that live and replicate inside host organisms causing damage
How can communicable diseases spread?
Through the air, direct contact, or by vectors
What are the 3 required viral disease examples,how are they spread, what do the do, and how can they be prevented?
-Measles:
-Spread through droplet infection
-Can cause blindness and death
-Prevent the spread through vaccinating young children
-HIV:
-Sexually transmitted or by bodily fluid contact
-Virus infects and kills white blood cells
-Immune system eventually so weak AIDS delelopes and person will get secondary infection which can kill
-Tobacco mosaic virus:
-Infects plants and destroys chloroplasts in leaves
-Creates mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves
-Reduces growth due to lack of photosynthesis
-Can prevent spread by burning whole plant,disinfecting tools/hands, or killing insect vectors
What are the 2 required bacterial disease examples, how are they spread, what do they do, and how can they be prevented?
-Gonorrhoea:
-Sexually transmitted
-Causes discharge from genitals and pain when urinating. Can cause fever
-Prevent spread with condoms
-Salmonella:
-Causes food poisoning as spread from eating contaminated food e.g. raw chicken
-Causes sickness, fever, and diarrhea
-Prevent spread by washing hands after touching raw meat and cooking at high temperatures; Chickens in UK are also vaccinated to reduce spread
What is the required fungal disease example, how is it spread, what does it do, and how can it be prevented?
-Rose black spot:
-Spread through spores travelling by wind or water (rain); can also be spread on gardeners tools/hands; can move plants away from others until treated
-Causes black/purple spots on leaves; leaves turn yellow and fall off, reduces growth due to lack of photosynthesis
-Can be prevented by spraying fungicide to kill pathogen, and removing infected leaves and burning them to kill pathogen + spores
What is the required protist disease example, how is it spread, what does it do, and how can it be prevented?
-Malaria:
-Caused by a protist parasite that can live in mosquitoes and humans
-It causes cycles of fever and can be fatal
-Can be prevented by: preventing being bitten throught the use of mosquito repellents, mosquito nets, preventing mosquitoes breeding by covering standing water where they lay their eggs