Mendelian Genetics
Define a 'Gene'.
A section of DNA that codes a protein.
Define a 'Genome'.
The entire set of genes in an organism.
Define a 'Genotype'.
The genetic makeup of an organism.
Define the term 'Phenotype'.
The physical appearance of an organism.
What is a 'Characteristic'?
An observable and heritable feature of an organism.
What is a 'Trait'?
A variation of a characteristic.
Define the term 'Homozygous'.
Having identical genes for a characteristic.
Define the term 'Heterozygous'.
Having two different genes for a characteristic.
What are Mendel's Laws?
1. Law of Dominance
2. Law of Segregation
3. Law of Independent Assortment
Explain Mendel's Law of Dominance.
All offspring is heterozygous and expresses only dominant traits.
Explain Mendel's Law of Segregation.
During the formation of gametes, two alleles responsible for a trait are separated and recombined at fertilisation to produce the offsprings trait genotype.
Explain Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells independently of one another.
Define the term "Dihybrid Cross".
Inheritance of two genes that control different characteristics or influence the same characteristic.