Pe GCSE
what are the 5 functions of the Skeleton ?
1.protection of vital organs, 2.muscle attachment,3.joint for movement, 4.Storage of calcium and phosphorus, 5.platelets red and white blood cell production
what does the PROTECTION OF VITAL ORGANS do for sport ?
e.g The cranium protects the brain /fall over on your back because of football protection from being winded.
what does MUSCLE ATTACHMENT function do for sport?
e.g when your spinning,dancing/need strong point to attach to bones which provide framework for muscles
what does JOINTS FOR MOVEMENT function do the sport?
kick a ball This sort of lever turns small movements in your leg muscle into larger movements at the end of the leg
what does the STORAGE OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS function do for sport?
helps with recovery/ vital for developing and maintaining strong and healthy bones
what does platelets red and white blood cell production function do for sport?
if you cut your finger on a hockey stick, it fights bacteria from getting inside
what is the function for joints of movement?
joints allow for a variety of movement and work together with bones and muscles to form levers
what are the 4Classification of bones ?
flat bone,long bone,short bone,irregular bone
what does the flat bone do?
quite large and usually protect vital organs, e.g. ribs
what does the long bone do?
enable large movement e.e femur
what does the short bone do?
enable finer, controlled movements e.g phalanges
what does the irregular bone do?
specifically shaped to protect, e.g. vertebrate
what does the long bone do in sport?
generate movement, strength and speed as levers and are pulled by different muscles to make the body move.
what does the short bone do in sport?
Tarsals, where is the body weight on the foot when standing or running
what does the flat bone do in sport?
protect vital organs, especially in Contact sports, they offer muscle attachment for movement
what does the irregular bone do in sport?
they protection example vertebrate to spinal cord.
what is the classification and use in sport of the Humerus?
Located on upper arm, long bone,leverage, Bowling ball cricket bowl
what is the classification and use in sport of the carpool?
Located on wrist, short bone, weight-bearing used in gymnastics handstands
what is the classification and using sport of the patella ?
located on knee, short bone, weight-bearing used in swimming
what is the classification of sport of the ribs?
Located on chest, flat bone, protective organs, boxing
what is The classification use in sport of cranium ?
located on head, long bone, protect brain, rugby
what is the classification in sport of the femur ?
located on leg, lone, generates movement, running
what is the classification and use in sport of the pelvis?
located on hip, short bone, weight bearing, Athletics
what can the joint pivot do ?
(neck,atlas-axis) only do rotation
what can the joint ball and socket do?
(hip-shoulder) movement possibilities flexion and extension abduction and abduction rotation and circumduction
what can the joint hinge do?
(knee,elbow,ankle) knee+elbow= flexion and plantar affection
ankle= Extension and Dorsi flexion
what can the joint condyloid do?
(wrist) flexion and extension adduction and abduction, Circumduction
Movement possibilities and physical activity of flexion ?
closing a joint e.g wrist movement during a basketball throw
movement possibilities and physical activity of extension ?
opening a joint e.g kicking a ball
movement possibilities, and physical activities adduction ?
Moving towards e.g swinging a golf club
move possibilities and physical activities of abduction ?
Moving away, taking back a tennis racket before swinging it
Moving possibility in physical activity of Rotation ?
Clockwise or anticlockwise movement, e.g. the leg movement
during a turnout in ballet.
Moving possibility in physical activity of circumduction ?
Movement of a limb, hand or foot in a circular motion, e.g.
to bowl a cricket ball.
Movement possibility and physical activity of Plantar-flextion ?
Extension at the ankle, e.g. pointing the toes
during gymnastics.
moving possibility and physical activity of Dorsi-flexion ?
Flexion at the ankle, e.g. lifting the toes
during gymnastics.
What is the role of ligaments and use in sport ?
hold bones together to ristrict how much joints can move and helps maintain rhe stability of the skeleton and prevents disclocation of thr joint
what is the role of the tendon ?
attach muscles to bones (or to other muscles) to allow bones to move when muscles contract.
Classification and characteristics of the voluntary muscles ?
attached to bones and they work whenever we want them to example biceps and triceps/under our conscious control
what is the voluntary muscle used in sport, blood vessels?
e.g (Biceps are used for tennis if you use your phone to hit the ball elbow flexion)
what is the classification and characteristics of involuntary muscle?
We cannot control them instead they are controlled automatically by the involuntary nervous system/found on the walls of the internal organs in the digestive,circulatory, Uranian systems
what is the involuntary muscle used in sport blood vessels?
During exercise involuntary smooth muscle makes up the blood vessels contract in order to redistribute blood to where it needs it most
classification and characteristics of the cardiac muscle?
Forms the wall of the heart chambers contracts without conscious thought
what is the cardiac muscle use in sport ?
Vital in sport because it makes the heart pump. Fitness training will strengthen cardiac muscles making the heart more efficient at pumping blood around the body.
How the skeletal and muscular systems work together to allow participation in physical activity and sport ?
they work together to allow movement which occurs at the joints. One system couldn't work without the other.
characteristics of fast twitch muscle fibre type for 11x ?
TYPE IIX - Used in anaerobic work. Can generate a much greater force than other
fibre types but fatigue quickly. Useful in short bursts of exercise, e.g. a 100 m sprint.
characteristics of fast twitch muscle fibre type 11 A?
used in anaerobic work for e.g 400m and 800m
characteristics of slow twitch type 1 ?
used in long distance as can go for longer without fatiguing
what is an antagonistic mucsle?
pairs of muscles at work against each other
what are anatgonstic pairs that work on the knee joint ?
plantar flexion to dorsi flexion and quadriceps and hamstrings act on the knee
what are the anatagonistics pairs that work on the ankle ?
gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior acting at the ankle
what are the antagonistics pairs that work on the elbow joint ?
biceps and triceps acting at the elbow
what are the antagonistics pairs that work on the hip joint ?
hip flexors and gluteus maximus acting at the hip
What is the function and location of pectoralis major in the voluntary system ?
adduction and flexion (horizontally) at the shoulder,
e.g. during a forehand drive in tennis.
What is the function and location of Deltoid in the voluntary system ?
flexion, extension, abduction
or circumduction at the shoulder.
E.g. during front crawl in swimming.
biceps.
What is the function and location of Bicep in the voluntary system ?
BICEPS - flexion at the elbow,
e.g. when curling weights.
What is the function and location of External obliques in the voluntary system ?
rotation or flexion
at the waist, e.g. preparing to throw a discus
What is the function and location of Abdominals in the voluntary system ?
flextion at the waist e.g doing a sit up
What is the function and location of Hip flexors in the voluntary system ?
flexion of the leg at the hip,
e.g. lifting the knee when sprinting.
what is the function and location of Quadricepts in the voluntary system?
extension at the knee,
e.g. when performing a drop kick in rugby.
what is the location and function of Tibilias anterior the in the voluntary system?
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR - dorsi-flexion at the ankle,
e.g. during a heel side turn in snowboarding.