carbohydrates
What elements do carbohydrates have?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What are monosaccharides?
single sugars that are complsed of one sugar ring
what are the three types of monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose, galactose
what is the best known minosacxharide?
glucose
what glucose can humans digest? what is it?
glucose alpha, star h
what glucose is not digestibale and what is it
glucose beta, cellulose
what oa the generla formula of glucose
c6h12o6
what is a disaccharide?
2 monosaccharide reaidues joined together
how is a disarccharide formed?
a covalent bond called a glycosidic linkage between soecific hydroxyl groups
what are examples of a dissarcahride
sucrose, maltose, lactose
what is a polysaccharide
many monosaccharide residues joined together
what are starch used for
enerfy storage for plants
energy source for humans
anykase enzyme breaks down starch
what is cellulose used for?
component of plant cell walls, importsnr for structure
humans are unable to digest the linkages linkages between the beta glucose in cellulose (fibre)
cows and sheep can break down cellulose
what is glycogen?
energy storage molecule in amimals
excess glucose is converted to glycogen for soreage in cells of liver and muscles
enzymes breakdown glycogen during excercise to release glucose
what is this functional group?
-OH
hydroxyl
what is this functional group?
-COOH
carboxyl
what is this functional group?
NH2
amino
-SH
sulfhydryl
what is this functional group?
PO4
phosphate
what is this functional group?
COH
aldehydes
what is this functional group?
ketones
CO
what is dehydretion synthesis
the bonding of two monosaccharides to form a dissacharide leavinf water left