anatomical terms
Standardized position from which to describe directional terms (Anytime you describe structures relative to one another, you must assume this standard position)
Anatomical Position
the Anatomical position
-standing upright
-facing the observer, head level
-eyes facing forward
-feet flat on the floor
-arms at the sides
-palms turned forward
Toward the front of the body
Anterior (Ventral)
Toward the rear or back of the body
Posterior (Dorsal)
In describing the hands, the term ______is used in place of anterior
palmar
In describing the foot, the term _______ is used to describe the lower surface of the foot
plantar
A ______ is an imaginary flat surface that passes through the body.
plane
A ______ is one of the 2 surfaces (pieces) that results when the body is cut by a plane passing through it.
section
divides the body or an organ into left and right sides
Sagittal plane
Type of sagittal plane
- Midsagittal plane
- Parasagittal plane
-produces equal halves
Midsagittal plane
-produces unequal halves
Parasagittal plane
divides the body or an organ into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
Frontal or coronal plane
divides the body or an organ into upper (superior) or lower (inferior) portions
Transverse(cross-sectional) or horizontal plane
-towards the head
Ex. The eyes are ______ to the mouth.
-Superior
the three main plane of section
1. Sagittal plane
2. Frontal or coronal plane
3. Transverse or horizontal plane
-away from the head
Ex. The stomach is ______ to the heart
inferior
-at the back of the body
Ex The brain is ______ to the forehead.
Dorsal or Posterior
-at the front of the body
Ex The sternum is ____ to the heart.
Ventral or Anterior
-nearer to the midline of the body
Ex The heart lies _____ to the lungs.
Medial
-farther from the midline of the body
Ex The thumb is on the __ side of the hand.
Lateral
-a location or direction toward or closer to the trunk.
-nearer to the attachment of the limb to the trunk
Ex The knee is ____ to the ankle.
Proximal
-away or farther from the trunk
farther from the attachment of the limb to the trunk
Ex The wrist is _____ to the elbow.
Distal
-closer to the surface skin
Ex The skin is _____ to the muscles
Superficial
- farther from the surface
Ex The bones is located ____ to the muscles
Deep
-Same side of the body
Ex. the left hand and left foot are
Ipsilateral
-Opposite side of the body
Ex the right hand and left foot are ______
Contralateral
Lying on the back
Supine
Lying face downward
Prone