EARTH SCI
"ordinary" matter consisting
of protons and neutrons
that comprises of atoms,
planets, stars, galaxies, and
other bodies.
Baryonic matter
• matter that has
gravity but does not
emit light.
Dark matter
a source of anti-gravity; a
force that counteracts
gravity and causes the
universe to expand.
Dark Energy
a nuclear fusion reaction
responsible for the energy
produced by stars.
Thermonuclear reaction
an early stage in the
formation of a star resulting
from the gravitational
collapse of gases.
Protostar
stars that fuse
hydrogen atoms to
form helium atoms
in their cores;
Main Sequence Star
TRUE OR FALSE?
cosmic microwave background comprises all space and time, and all matter & energy in it.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE?
Based on recent data, the universe is 13.8 billion years
old.
TRUE
the building block of galaxies born
out of clouds of gas and dust in galaxies.
Stars
TRUE OR FALSE
Hydrogen, helium, and Berlium are the
three most abundant elements.
FALSE
hydrogen, Helium and Lithium
who believed in many
gods and myths which narrate that
the world arose from an infinite sea
at the first rising of the sun.
Ancient Egyptians
what place has the narrative
that gods sacrificed Purusha,
the primal man whose head,
feet, eyes, and mind became
the sky, earth, sun, and moon
respectively
India
who tells
the story of a creator god Mbombo
(or Bumba) who, alone in a dark and
water-covered Earth, felt an intense
stomach pain and then vomited the
stars, sun, and moon.
Kuba people of Central Africa
a geocentric universe in which fixed,
spherical Earth is at the center surrounded by the
concentric celestial spheres of planets and stars and the
four classical elements of fire, air earth and water.
Aristotelian Universe
Proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus
cm. Such a model is called aheliocentric system.
Copernican Universe
Who proposed Copernican Universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
Proposed by Democritus and Leucippus The universe
was composed of very small indivisible and
indestructible building blocks known as atomos.
Atomic Universe
“ Static universe” described a static steady
state, infinite universe.
Newtonian Universe
“ The universe is static, dynamically stable universe”
Einstenian universe
Believed that the universe is like giant living body, with its
leading part being the stars and the sun, and all parts are
interconnected.
Stoic universe
Predicted a universe that expanded but did
not change its density.
Sir Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Sir Fred
Hoyle
Steady State universe
In 1929, Edwin Hubble announced his significant
discovery of the “redshift” and its interpretation that
galaxies are moving away from each other
Expanding Universe