KINE1102 midterm lecture 2
Grooves of the heart
Atrioventricular groove→ sits between atria and ventricles
Interventricular groove → Divides left and right ventricles
Coronary circulation
Right and left coronary arteries → stem from the Ascending aorta
Right coronary artery →travels along right side and into atrooventicular groove
Immediatley branches off into Right Marginal artery
Left coronary Artery
comes off from left side and behind PT
Atriointerventicular artery → travels infront and along interventicular groove
circumflex artery → circumvents toget around and back of the heart
Also a left marginal artery but seen posteriorly
vascular anastomoses
point of connection where blood vessels join , essentially a back up mechanism where blood can be shunted
Right coronary Dominance
- occurs to 70% of individuals
- Equal distribution of blood flow from left and Right sides of the heart
Left coronary Dominance
when posterior interventicular artery comes from left CA
Not the best scenario due to frequent blockage
Coronary sinus
Large vein on posterior side of the heart of atrioventicular groove.
- collects venous blood and dumps to RA
MAIN veins on the surface of the heart
1) small cardiac vein → travels along right ventricle along atrioventricular groove, comes along back
2) GREAT cardiac vein → comes through Anterior interventicular groove, goes around heart on the left side and dumps
3) middle cardiac vein → comes through posterior Interventicular groove and dumps to CS
veins and artery parings
1) Right marginal artery and small cardiac vein
2)Anterior interventicular artery and GREAT cardiac vein
3)Posterior interventicular artery and Middle cardiac vein
4) circumflex artery and coronary sinus vein
Brachiocephalic trunk and branches
1) Right common coratoid artery
2) Right subclavian artery
3) Left common coratoid artery
4) left subclavian artery
Coronary ByPass
Procedure that occurs due to artery damage due to build up of plaque and no blood supply
venous graft vs Arterial graft
venous graft → Dissecting great saphaneous ven from leg and attatched to aorta
Trouble some due to high pressure where attatchment is and there are no valves and vein could burst
Arterial graft → Artery from some where else in the body since arteries deal with pressure better
Intrinsic innervation of the heart
1) SA node→ located in right atrium and dis the pacemayer of the heart (100 bpm) : provides internodel branches to tell the atriums to contract
2) AV node → sits between atrium and ventricle and tells ventures to contract (0.1sec delay)
3) Bundle of His → conducts impulses through Interventicular septum and stimulates them
4) purknje fibers → conducting network that spreads impulse to myocardial to contract
Extrinsic Innervation of the heart
Comes from the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Sympathetic: info comes from T2-T4
Parasympathetic: comes from vagus nerves
When both nerves mesh this crates the cardiac plexus
Addition of vasculature of the heart
Want SA node and AV node have their own blood supply
Myocardial infarction
Due to the build up of artherosclerotic plaques blocking arteries for blood flow and part of the heart dies off
one experience referred pain and symptoms differ depending on biological sex
Five phases to the cardiac cycle
1) atrial systole
2) isovolumetric contraction
3) ventricular ejection
4) isovolumetric relaxtion
5) ventricular filling