Biology questions
Name the five levels of organisation?
cells, tissues organs, organ systems, organisms
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with similar structures and functions.
What is an organ?
Group of tissues working together to perform a specific function.
What is the function of the liver in digestion?
Produces bile, which neutralises hydrochloric acid from the stomach and emulsifies fat to form small droplets with a large surface area.
What is the function of saliva in digestion?
Lubrication to help swallow - contains amylase to breakdown starch into glucose.
Name three enzymes prodcued in the pancreas?
Amylase, Protease, Lipase
Name the four main components of blood?
Red blood cells, White blood cells, platelets and plasma
What is the function of platelets?
To form blood clots - prevent the loss of blood and stop wounds becoming infected.
Describe three adaptations of a red blood cell?
Bi-concave disc shape - large surface area to volume ratio for diffusion of oxygen.
Contains haemoglobin - binds to oxygen.
No nucleus - more space for oxygen.
How do white blood cells protect the body?
They engulf pathogens.
They produce antitoxns to neutraise toxins, or antibodies.
Name the substances transported in the blood plasma?
Hormones, proteins, urea, carbon dioxide, glucose.
Why is the human circulatory system a double circulatory system?
Blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit around the body - deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs, and the oxygenated blood that returns is pumped from the left side of the heart to the body.
How does the structure of an artery relate to its function?
Carries blood away from heart under high pressure - has a small lumen and thick, elasticated walls that can stretch.
How does the structure of a vein relate to its function?
Carries blood back to the heart at low pressure - doesn't need thick, elasticated walls, but has valves to prevent blood flowing the wrong way.
How does the structure of a capillary relate to its function?
Carries blood to cells and tissues - has one cell thick wall to provide a short diffusion distance.
List the structures air passes through when breathing in?
Mouth/nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
In foods, what does ethanol test for and what is the change in colours?
Lipids - colour change from colourless to cloudy if present.
In foods, what does benedicts test for?
Sugars - colour change from blue to red if present.
In foods, what does iodine test for and what colour changes happen?
Starch - colour change from brown to blue-black if present.
In foods, what does Biuret reagent test for and what colour changes happen?
Protein - colour change from blue to purple if present.
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