gcse physics paper 2
what is a scalar
a quantity that only has magnitude
what are 3 scalar quantities
mass distance speed
what is a vector quantity
a quantity that has magnitude and direction
name 3 vector quantities
acceleration velocity force
how do you work out the size of a diagonal line
pythagoras
how do you work out the size of am angle in a vector graph
trignometry
3 contact forces
thrust lift friction
3 non contact forces
electrostatic magnetic gravity
what does the gradient of a velocity time graph give you
acceleration
what does the area under a velocity time graph tell you
the distance travelled
what is newtons 1st law of motion
an objects motion is constant if no force acts on it
what is newtons second law
f=ma
what is newtons 3rd law
every action has an equal and opposite reaction
what is the acceleration practical
attach a toy car to a piece of string.string attached to pulley with a 100g mass. draw lines at equal intervals. let go of the car and time. record time car passes each distance marker.repeat and decrease mass on pulley
what is the stopping distance
thinking distance
- braking distance
moment?
force x distance (distance from pivot)
why is force increased in a piston
because it is applied over a smaller area with the same amount of pressure so the force has to be increased
how to draw a vector diagram
draw one of the forces using the scale
measure the given angle
draw the other force
from tip of one force draw the valie of the next force
draw a straight line to find resultant force
required practical for elasticity
add a heavy weight to clamp stand and add a ruler and spring with a pointer attached to measure
add a weight and measure new length
stretched minus unstretched shows extension
repeat with different newton weights
plot extension against weight
directly proportional
moment equation
moment = force x distance
what do levers and gears do
levers are force multipliers more distance means more force
gears transmit force from one place from another
turning effect depends on diameter of gear
why do crisp packets inflate in air
more pressure inside bag so it expands
what is the size of upthrust equal to
weight of water displaced
what happens to an object in liquids
resultant force acts upwards if upthrust is less than weight object sinks
average speeds for things m/s
normal walking speed 3
running speed 6
cycling speed 9
car 13
train 50
aeroplane 250
what does a sloping curve mean on a DISTANCE TIME GRAPH
constant acceleration
how to work oht acceleration
change in velocity/ time taken
what is velocity measured in
m/s squares
what does the gradient mean in velocity time graph
gradient = acceleration
how to calculate distance for a velocity time graph
split up into shapes find area
for curved shapes estimate
what is newtons first law of motion
if the resultant force acting on an object is zero the object will either stay stationary ot continue to move in the same direction with the same speed - inertia
what is newtons second law
acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of an object
what is the equation for newtons second law
force = mass acceleration
inertial mass
how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object
what is newtons third law of motion
when two forces interact the forces they exert on eachother are equal and opposite
what forces act on a sky diver
immediately weight drags him down
air resistance acts in the opposite direction
when balanced its called terminal velocity
parachute inc surface area so speed slows down
as air resistance slows person down air resistance also decreases to reach a lower terminal velocity
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