fill the blanks -3
Simple pumps might be classified as either .... pumps or... pumps.
lift ; force
As the piston of the lift pump rises, the volume of air below it increases, causing a(n) .... in pressure.
decrease
The ventricles of the heart work like a ........ pump to achieve the excess pressure by contraction.
force
The maximum blood pressure in the arterial system is called...
systolic pressure
If the right atrioventricular valve does not close completely, then the contraction of the right ventricle will pump blood back out into the ..... system.
venous
When a pump circulates a fluid in a closed system, it increases the pressure of the fluid to overcome the system.....
resistance
In the circulatory system, the pressure is highest as it leaves the .... and lowest as it enters the....
left ventricles ; right atrium
The amount of pressure drop across any segment of the circulatory system depends upon the flow rate and the resistance of that segment, according to...... law
poiseuille's
The resistance to flow is directly proportional to the tube length and inversely proportional to...
radius fourth power
The heart pumps blood through our body to provide oxygen and nutrients to organs, tissues and cells, and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste materials. If the demands of the cells are not met, the supply is increased by increasing the....... of the blood.
volume flow rate
The arterioles are often called the ". ..... vessels" of the circulatory system and play an important role in controlling blood flow rate.
resistance
Departures from Poiseuille's law might be expected in the microcirculation of the.....
capillaries
The critical velocity for a long straight tube is given by....., where n is the....., ro the .... of the fluid, r is the radius of the tube, and R is an experimental constant called the Reynolds number.
Vc=Rn/ro r ; viscosity density
The blood speed is maximum in the aorta, drops to a minimum in the capillaries, and accelerates to a fairly high speed in the major ....... leading to the heart.
veins
.......a French mathematician, was able to show that the wall tension necessary to withstand a given fluid pressure was proportional to the vessel radius.
laplace
If an artery started to expand because its wall was too weak to withstand the internal blood pressure, the expansion would place an even ...... on the membrane - a classic "vicious cycle."
greater tension
When the blood flows upward, some of the pressure and kinetic energy is used to overcome ...., increasing ..... energy. Hence, a person's blood pressure at the head when he or she is standing is ..... than the one when he or she is in a horizontal position.
gravity ; potential ; lower
The elastic expansion of vessel walls travels along the arteries like a..... causing.....
wave ; the pulse
The most common measurement of blood pressure is the indirect measurement, using....
sphygomanometer
The arterial blood pressure varies between the two pressure limits which are designated as..... and ......
systolic ; diastolic
The method of ..... in fact measures the effect of an externally applied pressure upon the circulation.
Korokhoff
..... pressure is a result of the elastic recoil of the blood vessels.
diastolic
The heart has a system of .... that, if functioning properly, allow the blood to flow only in the appropriate direction.
valves
The work W done by a pump at a constant pressure P is equal to the product of .... and......, where.....
pressure ; volume difference ; W= p Dv
Blood flow rate is defined as ..... that passes a particular given point in the circulation per unit time.
volume of blood
The smaller the radius of a blood vessel, .... is the tension in the wall necessary to balance the expanding pressure.
the smaller
The unit of measure of resistance to flow in SI system is.....
Pa
Blood pressure means ....exerted by the blood against any..... of the vessel wall.
force ; area
The exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the surrounding tissue occurs by diffusion through the thin walls of.....
capillaries
If vessels of different diameters are connected in series so that the blood flow is the same through each one and the total pressure drop is the sum of the drops across each vessel, then the total resistance is ......of the resistances of each vessel.
the sum